---
title: Judges 7:13 (JPS 1917) — And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man telling a dream un… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man telling a dream unto his follow, and saying: 'Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the camp of Midian, and came unto the tent, and smote it that it fell, and turned it upside down, that the tent lay flat.' Who acts:
---

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# Judges 7:13 · JPS 1917

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And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man telling a dream unto his follow, and saying: 'Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the camp of Midian, and came unto the tent, and smote it that it fell, and turned it upside down, that the tent lay flat.'

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**Who acts:** man, I, cake, tent · **What happens:** come, be, tell, say, dream, tumble · **To what, where:** Gideon, dream, camp, cake · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Judges 7:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, I, cake, tent), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:211
# text = And when Gideon was come, behold, there was a man telling a dream unto his follow, and saying: 'Behold, I dreamed a dream, and, lo, a cake of barley bread tumbled into the camp of Midian, and came unto the tent, and smote it that it fell, and turned it upside down, that the tent lay flat.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
3	Gideon	Gideon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	advcl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
13	telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	acl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	follow	follow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	conj	_	_
22	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	_
24	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	27	discourse	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	dreamed	dream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	ccomp	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	dream	dream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	40	discourse	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
35	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	barley	barley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
39	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
40	tumbled	tumble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
41	into	into	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Midian	Midian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	conj	_	_
49	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
53	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
54	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	conj	_	_
55	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	54	obj	_	_
56	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	58	mark	_	_
57	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	nsubj	_	_
58	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	ccomp	_	_
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
60	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	61	cc	_	_
61	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	54	conj	_	_
62	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	61	obj	_	_
63	upside	upside	ADV	RB	_	64	advmod	_	_
64	down	down	ADV	RB	_	61	advmod	_	_
65	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	69	punct	_	_
66	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	69	mark	_	_
67	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
68	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	69	nsubj	_	_
69	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	61	advcl	_	_
70	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	69	xcomp	_	_
71	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
72	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past · passive |  | Gideon |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **be** | past | a man |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund | a man *not said here* | a dream |  |  |  | unto Gideon's follow | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dream=Recipient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | a man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **dream** | past | I | a dream |  |  |  |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dream=Topic |
| 6 | **tumble** | past | a cake of barley bread |  |  | the camp of Midian |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into camp=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **come** | past | a cake of barley bread *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto the tent | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **smote** | past | a cake of barley bread *not said here* | cake |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 9 | **fall** | past | cake |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **turn** | past | a cake of barley bread *not said here* | cake |  |  |  | down *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 11 | **lie** | past | the tent |  |  |  |  | flat *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּבֹ֣א גִדְע֔וֹן וְהִ֨נֵּה־אִ֔ישׁ מְסַפֵּ֥ר לְרֵעֵ֖הוּ חֲל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֜אמֶר הִנֵּ֧ה חֲל֣וֹם חָלַ֗מְתִּי וְהִנֵּ֨ה צְלִ֜יל לֶ֤חֶם שְׂעֹרִים֙ מִתְהַפֵּךְ֙ בְּמַחֲנֵ֣ה מִדְיָ֔ן וַיָּבֹ֣א עַד־הָ֠אֹהֶל וַיַּכֵּ֧הוּ וַיִּפֹּ֛ל וַיַּהַפְכֵ֥הוּ לְמַ֖עְלָה וְנָפַ֥ל הָאֹֽהֶל׃

[Judges 7:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.13/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:211` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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