---
title: Judges 7:24 (JPS 1917) — And Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephrai… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephraim, saying: 'Come down against Midian, and take before them the waters, as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.' So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and took the waters as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan. Who 
---

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# Judges 7:24 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephraim, saying: 'Come down against Midian, and take before them the waters, as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.' So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and took the waters as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.

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**Who acts:** Gideon · **What happens:** send, say, come down, take, gather · **To what, where:** messengers, Midian, waters, men · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Judges 7:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gideon), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:222
# text = And Gideon sent messengers throughout all the hill-country of Ephraim, saying: 'Come down against Midian, and take before them the waters, as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.' So all the men of Ephraim were gathered together, and took the waters as far as Beth-barah, and also the Jordan.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Gideon	Gideon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	10	det:predet	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	_
10	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
15	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
16	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
17	Come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	_
18	down	down	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	against	against	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Midian	Midian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
24	before	before	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	as	as	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
30	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	_
31	as	as	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
33	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	34	punct	_	_
34	barah	barah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
37	also	also	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
41	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
42	So	so	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
43	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	45	det:predet	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	49	nsubj:pass	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nmod	_	_
48	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	aux:pass	_	_
49	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
50	together	together	ADV	RB	_	49	advmod	_	_
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	49	conj	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	waters	water	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obj	_	_
56	as	as	ADV	RB	_	57	advmod	_	_
57	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	53	advmod	_	_
58	as	as	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
59	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	61	compound	_	_
60	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	61	punct	_	_
61	barah	barah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	57	obl	_	_
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
63	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
64	also	also	ADV	RB	_	66	advmod	_	_
65	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	66	det	_	_
66	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	61	conj	_	_
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: suggest
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Gideon | messengers |  |  | throughout all hill country of Ephraim |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Gideon *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come down** | infinitive |  |  |  | Midian |  | down *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against midian=Location |
| 4 | **take** | infinitive |  | the waters |  |  | before messengers *= messenger* | far *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme before they=Destination |
| 5 | **gather** | past · passive |  | all men of Ephraim |  |  |  | together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 6 | **take** | past |  | the waters |  |  |  | far *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּמַלְאָכִ֡ים שָׁלַ֣ח גִּדְעוֹן֩ בְּכָל־הַ֨ר אֶפְרַ֜יִם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְד֞וּ לִקְרַ֤את מִדְיָן֙ וְלִכְד֤וּ לָהֶם֙ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן וַיִּצָּעֵ֞ק כָּל־אִ֤ישׁ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ וַיִּלְכְּד֣וּ אֶת־הַמַּ֔יִם עַ֛ד בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה בֵּ֥ית בָּרָ֖ה וְאֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּֽן׃

[Judges 7:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.7.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:222` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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