---
title: Judges 1:24 (JPS 1917) — And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him: 'Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with thee.' Who acts: watchers, we. Judges 1:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 1:24 · JPS 1917

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And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him: 'Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with thee.'

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**Who acts:** watchers, we · **What happens:** see, come, say, show, pray, deal · **To what, where:** man, city, entrance, us, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Judges 1:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (watchers, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:24
# text = And the watchers saw a man come forth out of the city, and they said unto him: 'Show us, we pray thee, the entrance into the city, and we will deal kindly with thee.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	watchers	watcher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
8	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Show	show	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
22	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	21	iobj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	parataxis	_	_
26	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	obj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
30	into	into	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
35	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
36	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	deal	deal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	conj	_	_
38	kindly	kindly	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
39	with	with	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	37	obl	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | the watchers | a man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come** | infinitive |  |  |  | the city |  | forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out city=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | watchers *= watcher* |  |  |  |  | unto house | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **show** | infinitive |  | the entrance | us | the city |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient entrance=Topic |
| 5 | **pray** | present | we | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **deal** | future | we |  |  |  |  | with thee; kindly *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with thou=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּרְאוּ֙ הַשֹּׁ֣מְרִ֔ים אִ֖ישׁ יוֹצֵ֣א מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֣אמְרוּ ל֗וֹ הַרְאֵ֤נוּ נָא֙ אֶת־מְב֣וֹא הָעִ֔יר וְעָשִׂ֥ינוּ עִמְּךָ֖ חָֽסֶד׃

[Judges 1:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:24` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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