--- title: Judges 8:20 (JPS 1917) — And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the… · tree and pragmatics description: And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the youth drew not his sword; for he feared, because he was yet a youth. Who acts: Gideon, youth. Judges 8:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.244/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/8/) / [8:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.20/) / JPS 1 # Judges 8:20 · JPS 1917 And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the youth drew not his sword; for he feared, because he was yet a youth. **Who acts:** Gideon, youth · **What happens:** say, slay, not draw, fear, be · **To what, where:** men, sword, youth · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Judges 8:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gideon, youth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:244 # text = And he said unto Jether his first-born: 'Up, and slay them.' But the youth drew not his sword; for he feared, because he was yet a youth. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Jether Jether PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 6 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ _ 7 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 9 amod _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 7 punct _ _ 9 born bear NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 11 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 12 punct _ _ 12 Up up ADV RB _ 3 ccomp _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 15 slay slay VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 conj _ _ 16 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 obj _ _ 17 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ 18 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 12 punct _ _ 19 But but CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 youth youth NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 drew draw VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 advmod _ _ 24 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ _ 25 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 27 for for SCONJ IN _ 29 mark _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 feared fear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 advcl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 31 because because SCONJ IN _ 36 mark _ _ 32 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 nsubj _ _ 33 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 cop _ _ 34 yet yet ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 youth youth NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 advcl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Gideon | | | | | unto Jether | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **slay** | infinitive | Gideon *not said here* | men *= man* | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 3 | **not** **draw** | past | the youth | Gideon's sword | | | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sword=Theme | | 4 | **fear** | past | Gideon | | | | | | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **is a** | past | Gideon | a youth | | | yet | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ לְיֶ֣תֶר בְּכוֹר֔וֹ ק֖וּם הֲרֹ֣ג אוֹתָ֑ם וְלֹא־שָׁלַ֨ף הַנַּ֤עַר חַרְבּוֹ֙ כִּ֣י יָרֵ֔א כִּ֥י עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ נָֽעַר׃ [Judges 8:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.20/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:244` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 8:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.243/) - next →: [Judges 8:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.245/) - ↑ back to [Judges 8:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.8.20/)