---
title: Judges 9:34 (JPS 1917) — And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that were with him, by nig… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that were with him, by night, and they lay in wait against Shechem in four companies. Who acts: Abimelech, people. Judges 9:34 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 9:34 · JPS 1917

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And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that were with him, by night, and they lay in wait against Shechem in four companies.

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**Who acts:** Abimelech, people · **What happens:** rise up, be, lie · **To what, where:** wait, four companies

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This is Judges 9:34 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abimelech, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:294
# text = And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that were with him, by night, and they lay in wait against Shechem in four companies.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Abimelech	Abimelech	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	acl:relcl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	wait	wait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	against	against	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Shechem	Shechem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	companies	company	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise up** | past | Abimelech |  |  |  | night |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | all people |  |  |  |  | with Gaal | tree rules |
| 3 | **lie** | past | people | wait |  | four companies |  | against Shechem | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wait=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיָּ֧קָם אֲבִימֶ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־הָעָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֖וֹ לָ֑יְלָה וַיֶּאֶרְב֣וּ עַל־שְׁכֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה רָאשִֽׁים׃

[Judges 9:34: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.34/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:294` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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