---
title: Judges 9:36 (JPS 1917) — And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul: 'Behold, there come… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul: 'Behold, there come people down from the tops of the mountains.' And Zebul said unto him: 'Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.' Who acts: Gaal, people, Zebul, Thou. Judges 9:36 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragma
---

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# Judges 9:36 · JPS 1917

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And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul: 'Behold, there come people down from the tops of the mountains.' And Zebul said unto him: 'Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.'

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**Who acts:** Gaal, people, Zebul, Thou · **What happens:** see, say, come down, be, shadow · **To what, where:** people, Zebul, tops, shadow, men, mountains · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Judges 9:36 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gaal, people, Zebul, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:296
# text = And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul: 'Behold, there come people down from the tops of the mountains.' And Zebul said unto him: 'Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as if they were men.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	Gaal	Gaal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Zebul	Zebul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
14	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	17	discourse	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	17	expl	_	_
17	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
19	down	down	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
20	from	from	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	tops	top	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
27	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
28	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	Zebul	Zebul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
30	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
31	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
33	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
34	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	36	punct	_	_
35	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	36	nsubj	_	_
36	seest	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	ccomp	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	38	nmod	_	_
42	as	as	ADP	IN	_	43	fixed	_	_
43	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
44	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	46	nsubj	_	_
45	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	46	cop	_	_
46	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	36	advcl	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	_
48	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | Gaal | the people |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer people=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Gaal |  | Zebul |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to zebul=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come down** | present | people |  |  | the tops of the mountains; there |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from top=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Zebul |  |  |  |  | unto Gaal | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **see** | present | Thou | the shadow of the mountains |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer shadow=Stimulus |
| 6 | **is a** *a condition, not said to happen* | past | people | men |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **shadow** |  |  | the mountains |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּרְא־גַּעַל֮ אֶת־הָעָם֒ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֶל־זְבֻ֔ל הִנֵּה־עָ֣ם יוֹרֵ֔ד מֵרָאשֵׁ֖י הֶהָרִ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ זְבֻ֔ל אֵ֣ת צֵ֧ל הֶהָרִ֛ים אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה כָּאֲנָשִֽׁים׃ס

[Judges 9:36: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.36/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:296` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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