---
title: Judges 9:40 (JPS 1917) — And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and there fell man… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and there fell many wounded, even unto the entrance of the gate. Who acts: Abimelech, Gaal, many wounded. Judges 9:40 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 9:40 · JPS 1917

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And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and there fell many wounded, even unto the entrance of the gate.

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**Who acts:** Abimelech, Gaal, many wounded · **What happens:** chase, flee, fall · **To what, where:** Gaal

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This is Judges 9:40 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abimelech, Gaal, many wounded), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:300
# text = And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and there fell many wounded, even unto the entrance of the gate.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Abimelech	Abimelech	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	chased	chase	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	14	expl	_	_
14	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	wounded	wounded	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	even	even	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
19	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	entrance	entrance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase** | past | Abimelech | Gaal |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **flee** | past | Gaal |  |  |  | before Abimelech |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fall** | past | many wounded |  |  | there |  | unto the entrance of the gate | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּרְדְּפֵ֣הוּ אֲבִימֶ֔לֶךְ וַיָּ֖נָס מִפָּנָ֑יו וַֽיִּפְּל֛וּ חֲלָלִ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים עַד־פֶּ֥תַח הַשָּֽׁעַר׃

[Judges 9:40: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.40/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:300` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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