--- title: Judges 9:44 (JPS 1917) — And Abimelech, and the companies that were with him, rushed forward,… · tree and pragmatics description: And Abimelech, and the companies that were with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entrance of the gate of the city; and the two companies rushed upon all that were in the field, and smote them. Who acts: Abimelech, two companies. Judges 9:44 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatic --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.304/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/) / [9:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.44/) / JPS 1 # Judges 9:44 · JPS 1917 And Abimelech, and the companies that were with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entrance of the gate of the city; and the two companies rushed upon all that were in the field, and smote them. **Who acts:** Abimelech, two companies · **What happens:** rush, stand, be, smote · **To what, where:** entrance, all, field, companies This is Judges 9:44 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abimelech, two companies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:304 # text = And Abimelech, and the companies that were with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entrance of the gate of the city; and the two companies rushed upon all that were in the field, and smote them. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 2 Abimelech Abimelech PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 companies company NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 7 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 10 nsubj _ _ 8 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 cop _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 him he ADP IN _ 6 acl:relcl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 rushed rush VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 forward forward ADV RB _ 12 advmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 entrance entrance NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 gate gate NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 30 nummod _ _ 30 companies company NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 rushed rush VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 32 upon upon ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 all all PRON DT PronType=Tot 31 obl _ _ 34 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 38 nsubj _ _ 35 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 38 cop _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 acl:relcl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 smote smote VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 conj _ _ 42 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 obj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **rush** | past | Abimelech and the companies | | | | | forward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **stand** | past | Abimelech and the companies *not said here* | | | the entrance of the gate of the city | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in entrance=Location | | 3 | **rush** | past | the two companies | | | all | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon all=Trajectory | | 4 | **is** | past | | | | the field | | | tree rules | | 5 | **smote** | past | the two companies *not said here* | companies *= company* | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַאֲבִימֶ֗לֶךְ וְהָרָאשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמּ֔וֹ פָּשְׁט֕וּ וַיַּ֣עַמְד֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֑יר וּשְׁנֵ֣י הָֽרָאשִׁ֗ים פָּֽשְׁט֛וּ עַֽל־כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַיַּכּֽוּם׃ [Judges 9:44: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.44/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:304` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 9:43 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.303/) - next →: [Judges 9:45 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.305/) - ↑ back to [Judges 9:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.44/)