--- title: Judges 9:48 (JPS 1917) — And Abimelech got him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that… · tree and pragmatics description: And Abimelech got him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it up, and laid it on his shoulder; and he said unto the people that were with him: 'What ye have seen me do, make haste, and do as --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.308/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/9/) / [9:48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.48/) / JPS 1 # Judges 9:48 · JPS 1917 And Abimelech got him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it up, and laid it on his shoulder; and he said unto the people that were with him: 'What ye have seen me do, make haste, and do as I have done.' **Who acts:** Abimelech, people, ye, I · **What happens:** get up, mount, be, take, cut down, take up · **To what, where:** Shechem, Zalmon, axe, hand, bough, trees · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Judges 9:48 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abimelech, people, ye, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:308 # text = And Abimelech got him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that were with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it up, and laid it on his shoulder; and he said unto the people that were with him: 'What ye have seen me do, make haste, and do as I have done.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Abimelech Abimelech PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obj _ _ 5 up up ADP RP _ 3 compound:prt _ _ 6 to to SCONJ TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 mount mount VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 advcl _ _ 8 Zalmon Zalmon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 10 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 12 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 14 det:predet _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 conj _ _ 15 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 18 nsubj _ _ 16 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 acl:relcl _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 Abimelech Abimelech PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 23 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 axe axe NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obj _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 cut cut VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 31 down down ADP RP _ 30 compound:prt _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 bough bough NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 34 from from ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 33 nmod _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ _ 40 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obj _ _ 41 up up ADP RP _ 39 compound:prt _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 44 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 44 laid lay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 conj _ _ 45 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 obj _ _ 46 on on ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 47 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 48 nmod:poss _ _ 48 shoulder shoulder NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl _ _ 49 ; ; PUNCT : _ 52 punct _ _ 50 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 51 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 nsubj _ _ 52 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 53 unto unto ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 54 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 55 det _ _ 55 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 52 obl _ _ 56 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 59 nsubj _ _ 57 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 59 cop _ _ 58 with with ADP IN _ 59 case _ _ 59 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 55 acl:relcl _ _ 60 : : PUNCT : _ 65 punct _ _ 61 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 65 punct _ _ 62 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 67 obj _ _ 63 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 65 nsubj _ _ 64 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 65 aux _ _ 65 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 69 csubj _ _ 66 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 65 obj _ _ 67 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 66 acl _ _ 68 , , PUNCT , _ 69 punct _ _ 69 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 52 ccomp _ _ 70 haste haste NOUN NN Number=Sing 69 obj _ _ 71 , , PUNCT , _ 73 punct _ _ 72 and and CCONJ CC _ 73 cc _ _ 73 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 69 conj _ _ 74 as as SCONJ IN _ 77 mark _ _ 75 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 77 nsubj _ _ 76 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 77 aux _ _ 77 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 73 advcl _ _ 78 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 79 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none, act=request, form=imp | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **get up** | past | Abimelech | Shechem | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | | 2 | **mount** | to-infinitive | Abimelech *not said here* | Zalmon | | | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent zalmon=Patient | | 3 | **is** | past | all people | | | | | with Shechem | tree rules | | 4 | **take** | past | Abimelech | a axe | | Abimelech's hand | | | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent axe=Value in hand=Location | | 5 | **cut down** | past | Abimelech *not said here* | a bough | | the trees | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset bough=Product from tree=Material | | 6 | **take up** | past | Abimelech *not said here* | bough | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | | 7 | **lay** | past | Abimelech *not said here* | bough | | Abimelech's shoulder | | | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme on shoulder=Destination | | 8 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abimelech | | | | | unto the people | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 9 | **is** | past | the people | | | | | with Shechem | tree rules | | 10 | **see** | present · perfect | ye | me | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus | | 11 | **do** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | | 12 | **make** | infinitive | | haste | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset haste=Product | | 13 | **do** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 14 | **do** | present · perfect | I | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּ֨עַל אֲבִימֶ֜לֶךְ הַר־צַלְמ֗וֹן הוּא֮ וְכָל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־אִתּוֹ֒ וַיִּקַּח֩ אֲבִימֶ֨לֶךְ אֶת־הַקַּרְדֻּמּ֜וֹת בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּכְרֹת֙ שׂוֹכַ֣ת עֵצִ֔ים וַיִּ֨שָּׂאֶ֔הָ וַיָּ֖שֶׂם עַל־שִׁכְמ֑וֹ וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֶל־הָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּ֗וֹ מָ֤ה רְאִיתֶם֙ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מַהֲר֖וּ עֲשׂ֥וּ כָמֽוֹנִי׃ [Judges 9:48: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.48/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:308` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 9:47 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.307/) - next →: [Judges 9:49 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.309/) - ↑ back to [Judges 9:48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.9.48/)