---
title: Judges 1:31 (JPS 1917) — Asher drove not out the inhabitants of Acco, nor the inhabitants of… · tree and pragmatics
description: Asher drove not out the inhabitants of Acco, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob; Who acts: Asher. Judges 1:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 1:31 · JPS 1917

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Asher drove not out the inhabitants of Acco, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Asher · **What happens:** not drive out · **To what, where:** inhabitants

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 1:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Asher), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:31
# text = Asher drove not out the inhabitants of Acco, nor the inhabitants of Zidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob;
1	Asher	Asher	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Acco	Acco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	12	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Zidon	Zidon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	18	cc	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Ahlab	Ahlab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	22	cc	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Achzib	Achzib	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	26	cc	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Helbah	Helbah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	30	cc	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Aphik	Aphik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	34	cc	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Rehob	Rehob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **drive out** | past | Asher | the inhabitants of Acco nor the inhabitants of Zidon nor Ahlab nor Achzib nor Helbah nor Aphik nor Rehob |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inhabitant=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אָשֵׁ֗ר לֹ֤א הוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י עַכּ֔וֹ וְאֶת־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י צִיד֑וֹן וְאֶת־אַחְלָ֤ב וְאֶת־אַכְזִיב֙ וְאֶת־חֶלְבָּ֔ה וְאֶת־אֲפִ֖יק וְאֶת־רְחֹֽב׃

[Judges 1:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:31` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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