---
title: Judges 10:8 (JPS 1917) — And they oppressed and crushed the children of Israel that year; eig… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they oppressed and crushed the children of Israel that year; eighteen years oppressed they all the children of Israel that were beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead. Who acts: Baalim, children, land. Judges 10:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics
---

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# Judges 10:8 · JPS 1917

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And they oppressed and crushed the children of Israel that year; eighteen years oppressed they all the children of Israel that were beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead.

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**Who acts:** Baalim, children, land · **What happens:** oppress, crush, be · **To what, where:** children, land, Gilead

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This is Judges 10:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Baalim, children, land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:325
# text = And they oppressed and crushed the children of Israel that year; eighteen years oppressed they all the children of Israel that were beyond the Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which is in Gilead.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	oppressed	oppress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	crushed	crush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	eighteen	eighteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl:unmarked	_	_
15	oppressed	oppress	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
17	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	19	det:predet	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Jordan	Jordan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	acl:relcl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	Amorites	amorite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	29	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
35	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	cop	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	acl:relcl	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oppress** | past | Baalim |  |  |  | year |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **crush** | past | Baalim *not said here* | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |
| 3 | **oppress** | past | Baalim | all children of Israel |  |  | year |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | all children of Israel |  |  | the land of the Amorites |  | beyond the Jordan | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** | present | the land of the Amorites |  |  | Gilead |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַֽיִּרְעֲצ֤וּ וַיְרֹֽצְצוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בַּשָּׁנָ֖ה הַהִ֑יא שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה שָׁנָ֗ה אֶֽת־כָּל־בְּנֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בְּאֶ֥רֶץ הָאֱמֹרִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּגִּלְעָֽד׃

[Judges 10:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.10.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:325` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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