---
title: Judges 12:4 (JPS 1917) — Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought wi… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim; and the men of Gilead smote Ephraim, because they said: 'Ye are fugitives of Ephraim, ye Gileadites, in the midst of Ephraim, and in the midst of Manasseh.' Who acts: Jephthah, men, Ye. Judges 12:4 in JPS 1917 with its d
---

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# Judges 12:4 · JPS 1917

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Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim; and the men of Gilead smote Ephraim, because they said: 'Ye are fugitives of Ephraim, ye Gileadites, in the midst of Ephraim, and in the midst of Manasseh.'

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**Who acts:** Jephthah, men, Ye · **What happens:** gather together, fight, smite, say, be · **To what, where:** men, Ephraim, fugitives, midst · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Judges 12:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jephthah, men, Ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:384
# text = Then Jephthah gathered together all the men of Gilead, and fought with Ephraim; and the men of Gilead smote Ephraim, because they said: 'Ye are fugitives of Ephraim, ye Gileadites, in the midst of Ephraim, and in the midst of Manasseh.'
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Jephthah	Jephthah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	fought	fight	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Gilead	Gilead	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	_
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	31	punct	_	_
29	Ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	31	nsubj	_	_
30	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	cop	_	_
31	fugitives	fugitive	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	ccomp	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	36	nmod:poss	_	_
36	Gileadites	Gileadites	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	29	appos	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
45	in	in	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	conj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	Manasseh	Manasseh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	31	punct	_	_
51	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	50	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gather together** | past | Jephthah | all men of Gilead |  |  | then |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 2 | **fight** | past | Jephthah *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with Ephraim | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with ephraim=Co-Agent |
| 3 | **smite** | past | the men of Gilead | Ephraim |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus ephraim=Experiencer |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is a** | present | Ye | fugitives |  | the midst of Ephraim and the midst of Manasseh |  | of Ephraim | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּקְבֹּ֤ץ יִפְתָּח֙ אֶת־כָּל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י גִלְעָ֔ד וַיִּלָּ֖חֶם אֶת־אֶפְרָ֑יִם וַיַּכּוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י גִלְעָ֜ד אֶת־אֶפְרַ֗יִם כִּ֤י אָמְרוּ֙ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אַתֶּ֔ם גִּלְעָ֕ד בְּת֥וֹךְ אֶפְרַ֖יִם בְּת֥וֹךְ מְנַשֶּֽׁה׃

[Judges 12:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:384` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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