--- title: Judges 12:5 (JPS 1917) — And the Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimi… · tree and pragmatics description: And the Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimites; and it was so, that when any of the fugitives of Ephraim said: 'Let me go over,' the men of Gilead said unto him: 'Art thou an Ephraimite?' If he said: 'Nay'; Who acts: Gileadites, it, any, me. 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If he said: 'Nay'; **Who acts:** Gileadites, it, any, me, men, thou · **What happens:** take, be, say, let, go over · **To what, where:** fords, me, Ephraimite · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Judges 12:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gileadites, it, any, me), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:385 # text = And the Gileadites took the fords of the Jordan against the Ephraimites; and it was so, that when any of the fugitives of Ephraim said: 'Let me go over,' the men of Gilead said unto him: 'Art thou an Ephraimite?' If he said: 'Nay'; 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 Gileadites Gileadite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 4 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 6 fords ford NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obj _ _ 7 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Jordan Jordan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 10 against against ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 Ephraimites Ephraimite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 17 so so ADJ RB _ 4 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 19 that that SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 20 when when SCONJ WRB _ 27 mark _ _ 21 any any PRON DT PronType=Ind 27 nsubj _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 fugitives fugitive NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nmod _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Ephraim Ephraim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 27 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 advcl _ _ 28 : : PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 29 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 30 Let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 ccomp _ _ 31 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ _ 32 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 xcomp _ _ 33 over over ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 35 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 nsubj _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 Gilead Gilead PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 40 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 ccomp _ _ 41 unto unto ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 42 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 obl _ _ 43 : : PUNCT : _ 48 punct _ _ 44 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 45 punct _ _ 45 Art be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 48 cop _ _ 46 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 48 nsubj _ _ 47 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 48 Ephraimite Ephraimite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 ccomp _ _ 49 ? ? PUNCT . _ 48 punct _ _ 50 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 48 punct _ _ 51 If if SCONJ IN _ 53 mark _ _ 52 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 53 nsubj _ _ 53 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 advcl _ _ 54 : : PUNCT : _ 56 punct _ _ 55 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 56 punct _ _ 56 Nay nay INTJ UH _ 53 ccomp _ _ 57 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 56 punct _ _ 58 ; ; PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | the Gileadites | the fords of the Jordan | | | | against the Ephraimites | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ford=Theme against ephraimite=Destination | | 2 | **is** | past | it | | | | | so *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | any | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **let** | infinitive | | me | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **go over** | infinitive | me *not said here* | | | | | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the men of Gilead | | | | | unto Ephraim | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **is a** | present | thou | a Ephraimite | | | | | tree rules | | 8 | **say** *speech: assert* *a condition, not said to happen* | past | Ephraim | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּלְכֹּ֥ד גִּלְעָ֛ד אֶֽת־מַעְבְּר֥וֹת הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן לְאֶפְרָ֑יִם וְֽ֠הָיָה כִּ֣י יֹאמְר֞וּ פְּלִיטֵ֤י אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶעֱבֹ֔רָה וַיֹּ֨אמְרוּ ל֧וֹ אַנְשֵֽׁי־גִלְעָ֛ד הַֽאֶפְרָתִ֥י אַ֖תָּה וַיֹּ֥אמֶֽר ׀ לֹֽא׃ [Judges 12:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.5/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:385` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 12:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.384/) - next →: [Judges 12:6 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.386/) - ↑ back to [Judges 12:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.12.5/)