---
title: Judges 13:3 (JPS 1917) — And the angel of the LORD appeared unto the woman, and said unto her… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the angel of the LORD appeared unto the woman, and said unto her: 'Behold now, thou art barren, and hast not borne; but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son. Who acts: angel, thou. Judges 13:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 13:3 · JPS 1917

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And the angel of the LORD appeared unto the woman, and said unto her: 'Behold now, thou art barren, and hast not borne; but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son.

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**Who acts:** angel, thou · **What happens:** appear, say, be, not bear, conceive, bear · **To what, where:** son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Judges 13:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (angel, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:400
# text = And the angel of the LORD appeared unto the woman, and said unto her: 'Behold now, thou art barren, and hast not borne; but thou shalt conceive, and bear a son.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	_
18	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	23	discourse	_	_
19	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	23	advmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nsubj	_	_
22	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	barren	barren	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	ccomp	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	28	advmod	_	_
28	borne	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	conj	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
30	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nsubj	_	_
32	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
33	conceive	conceive	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	conj	_	_
37	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obj	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **appear** | past | the angel of the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto the woman | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the angel of the LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  | unto angel | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | thou |  |  |  | now | barren *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **bear** | present · perfect | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **conceive** | shall | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **bear** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | a son |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֵּרָ֥א מַלְאַךְ־יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־הָאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלֶ֗יהָ הִנֵּה־נָ֤א אַתְּ־עֲקָרָה֙ וְלֹ֣א יָלַ֔דְתְּ וְהָרִ֖ית וְיָלַ֥דְתְּ בֵּֽן׃

[Judges 13:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.13.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:400` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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