---
title: Judges 18:28 (JPS 1917) — And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they… · tree and pragmatics
description: And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no dealings with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob. Who acts: deliverer, children, valley. Judges 18:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 18:28 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no dealings with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** deliverer, children, valley · **What happens:** be, have, lie · **To what, where:** Zidon, dealings, valley

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 18:28 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (deliverer, children, valley), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:545
# text = And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no dealings with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	5	det	_	_
5	deliverer	deliverer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	far	far	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Zidon	Zidon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	18	det	_	_
18	dealings	dealing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
29	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj	_	_
30	lieth	lie	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	acl:relcl	_	_
31	by	by	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
33	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	32	punct	_	_
34	rehob	rehob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no deliverer |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | past | deliverer |  |  | Zidon |  | far *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | children *= child* | no dealings |  |  |  | with any man | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dealing=Patient |
| 4 | **is** | past | deliverer |  |  | the valley |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **lie** | present | the valley |  |  |  |  | by Beth rehob | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by rehob=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֵ֨ין מַצִּ֜יל כִּ֧י רְֽחוֹקָה־הִ֣יא מִצִּיד֗וֹן וְדָבָ֤ר אֵין־לָהֶם֙ עִם־אָדָ֔ם וְהִ֕יא בָּעֵ֖מֶק אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְבֵית־רְח֑וֹבבֵית־רְח֑וֹב וַיִּבְנ֥וּ אֶת־הָעִ֖יר וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ בָֽהּ׃

[Judges 18:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.18.28/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And there was no deliverer, because it was far from Zidon, and they had no dealings with any man; and it was in the valley that lieth by Beth-rehob.**
2. [And they built the city, and dwelt therein.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.546/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:545` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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