--- title: Judges 2:18 (JPS 1917) — And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the… · tree and pragmatics description: And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the judge, and saved them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for it repented the LORD because of their groaning by reason of them that oppressed them and crushed them. Who acts: LORD, way, reason. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, way, reason), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:55 # text = And when the LORD raised them up judges, then the LORD was with the judge, and saved them out of the hand of their enemies all the days of the judge; for it repented the LORD because of their groaning by reason of them that oppressed them and crushed them. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 2 when when SCONJ WRB _ 5 mark _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 raised raise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 advcl _ _ 6 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 iobj _ _ 7 up up ADP RP _ 5 compound:prt _ _ 8 judges judge NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 10 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 16 advmod _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 13 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 14 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 judge judge NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 saved save VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 out out ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 enemies enemy NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nmod _ _ 28 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 30 det:predet _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl:unmarked _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 judge judge NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 35 for for SCONJ IN _ 37 mark _ _ 36 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 37 repented repent VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 parataxis _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 obj _ _ 40 because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 43 case _ _ 41 of of ADP IN _ 40 fixed _ _ 42 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 43 nmod:poss _ _ 43 groaning groaning NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ _ 44 by by ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 nmod _ _ 46 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 47 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nmod _ _ 48 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 49 nsubj _ _ 49 oppressed oppress VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 acl:relcl _ _ 50 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 obj _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 52 crushed crush VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 49 conj _ _ 53 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 52 obj _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 16 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **raise up** | past | the LORD | judges | hands *= hand* | | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Agent they=Theme judge=Destination | | 2 | **is** | past | the LORD | | | | then | with the judge | tree rules | | 3 | **save** | past | the LORD *not said here* | hands *= hand* | | the hand of hands's enemies | day | | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | | 4 | **repent** | past | way | the LORD | | | | because hands's groaning by reason of hands | tree rules | | 5 | **oppress** | past | reason of hands | hands *= hand* | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **crush** | past | reason of hands *not said here* | hands *= hand* | | | | | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְכִֽי־הֵקִ֨ים יְהוָ֥ה ׀ לָהֶם֮ שֹֽׁפְטִים֒ וְהָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִם־הַשֹּׁפֵ֔ט וְהֽוֹשִׁיעָם֙ מִיַּ֣ד אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י הַשּׁוֹפֵ֑ט כִּֽי־יִנָּחֵ֤ם יְהוָה֙ מִנַּֽאֲקָתָ֔ם מִפְּנֵ֥י לֹחֲצֵיהֶ֖ם וְדֹחֲקֵיהֶֽם׃ [Judges 2:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.2.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:55` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 2:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.54/) - next →: [Judges 2:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.56/) - ↑ back to [Judges 2:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.2.18/)