--- title: Judges 19:1 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel,… · tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Beth-lehem in Judah. Who acts: it, certain Levite. Judges 19:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.550/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/19/) / [19:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.1/) / JPS 1 # Judges 19:1 · JPS 1917 And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Beth-lehem in Judah. **Who acts:** it, certain Levite · **What happens:** come, pass, be, sojourn, take · **To what, where:** king, Israel, farther side, concubine, Levite, Beth lehem This is Judges 19:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, certain Levite), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:550 # text = And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the farther side of the hill-country of Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Beth-lehem in Judah. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to PART TO _ 5 mark _ _ 5 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 xcomp _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 8 det _ _ 8 days day NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 12 advmod _ _ 11 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 12 expl _ _ 12 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 13 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 14 det _ _ 14 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 advcl _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 18 that that SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 19 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 20 expl _ _ 20 was be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 csubj _ _ 21 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 22 certain certain ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 Levite Levite PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 24 sojourning sojourn VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 23 acl _ _ 25 on on ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 27 farther far ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 28 amod _ _ 28 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 31 hill hill NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 32 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 31 punct _ _ 33 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 34 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 35 Ephraim Ephraim PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nmod _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 37 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 38 nsubj _ _ 38 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 39 to to ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obl _ _ 41 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 concubine concubine NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 43 out out ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 44 of of ADP IN _ 47 case _ _ 45 Beth Beth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 compound _ _ 46 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 47 punct _ _ 47 lehem Beth-lehem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 42 nmod _ _ 48 in in ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 nmod _ _ 50 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | it | | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | | | | | day | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **is a** | past | | no king | | Israel | | | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | past | a certain Levite | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **sojourn** | gerund | a certain Levite *not said here* | | | the farther side of the hill country of Ephraim | | | vn weekend-56 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on side=Location | | 6 | **take** | past | a certain Levite | a concubine | Levite | Beth lehem in Judah | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent concubine=Theme to he=Destination out beth-lehem=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִי֙ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם וּמֶ֖לֶךְ אֵ֣ין בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיְהִ֣י ׀ אִ֣ישׁ לֵוִ֗י גָּ֚ר בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַ֔יִם וַיִּֽקַּֽח־לוֹ֙ אִשָּׁ֣ה פִילֶ֔גֶשׁ מִבֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָֽה׃ [Judges 19:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:550` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 18:31 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.549/) - next →: [Judges 19:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.551/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.1/)