---
title: Judges 19:4 (JPS 1917) — And his father-in-law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abo… · tree and pragmatics
description: And his father-in-law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abode with him three days; so they did eat and drink, and lodged there. Who acts: father, servant. Judges 19:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 19:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And his father-in-law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abode with him three days; so they did eat and drink, and lodged there.

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**Who acts:** father, servant · **What happens:** retain, abide, eat, drink, lodge · **To what, where:** husband

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This is Judges 19:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, servant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:553
# text = And his father-in-law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abode with him three days; so they did eat and drink, and lodged there.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	_
7	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	damsel	damsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
14	retained	retain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	abode	abide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	_
22	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl:unmarked	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
25	so	so	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	lodged	lodge	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
34	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	33	advmod	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retain** | past | father's father in law | husband |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **abide** | past | father |  |  |  | day | with husband | tree rules |
| 3 | **eat** | past · do-support | servant |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **drink** | infinitive | servant *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **lodge** | past | servant *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֶּחֱזַק־בּ֤וֹ חֹֽתְנוֹ֙ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ה וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אִתּ֖וֹ שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיֹּאכְלוּ֙ וַיִּשְׁתּ֔וּ וַיָּלִ֖ינוּ שָֽׁם׃

[Judges 19:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:553` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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