---
title: Judges 19:9 (JPS 1917) — And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his s… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his servant, his father-in-law, the damsel's father, said unto him: 'Behold, now the day draweth toward evening; tarry, I pray you, all night; behold, the day groweth to an end; lodge here, that thy heart may be merry; and to-morrow get 
---

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# Judges 19:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his servant, his father-in-law, the damsel's father, said unto him: 'Behold, now the day draweth toward evening; tarry, I pray you, all night; behold, the day groweth to an end; lodge here, that thy heart may be merry; and to-morrow get you early on your way, that thou mayest go home.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, day, I, heart, thou · **What happens:** rise up, depart, say, draw, tarry, pray · **To what, where:** you, way · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 19:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, day, I, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:558
# text = And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his servant, his father-in-law, the damsel's father, said unto him: 'Behold, now the day draweth toward evening; tarry, I pray you, all night; behold, the day groweth to an end; lodge here, that thy heart may be merry; and to-morrow get you early on your way, that thou mayest go home.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	5	mark	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	advcl	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	depart	depart	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	concubine	concubine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	_
25	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	damsel	damsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod:poss	_	_
29	's	's	PART	POS	_	28	case	_	_
30	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
32	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
33	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obl	_	_
35	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
36	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	42	punct	_	_
37	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	42	discourse	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
39	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	42	advmod	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
42	draweth	draw	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	ccomp	_	_
43	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	evening	evening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
45	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
46	tarry	tarry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	parataxis	_	_
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	49	punct	_	_
48	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	49	nsubj	_	_
49	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	parataxis	_	_
50	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	49	obj	_	_
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
52	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	53	det	_	_
53	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	obl:unmarked	_	_
54	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	59	punct	_	_
55	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	59	discourse	_	_
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	nsubj	_	_
59	groweth	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	parataxis	_	_
60	to	to	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
61	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obl	_	_
63	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	64	punct	_	_
64	lodge	lodge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	parataxis	_	_
65	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	64	advmod	_	_
66	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	72	punct	_	_
67	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	72	mark	_	_
68	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	69	nmod:poss	_	_
69	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	72	nsubj	_	_
70	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	72	aux	_	_
71	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	72	cop	_	_
72	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	64	advcl	_	_
73	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	78	punct	_	_
74	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	78	cc	_	_
75	to	to	ADP	IN	_	77	case	_	_
76	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	75	punct	_	_
77	morrow	morrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	78	obl	_	_
78	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	64	conj	_	_
79	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	78	obj	_	_
80	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	78	advmod	_	_
81	on	on	ADP	IN	_	83	case	_	_
82	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	83	nmod:poss	_	_
83	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	78	obl	_	_
84	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	88	punct	_	_
85	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	88	mark	_	_
86	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	88	nsubj	_	_
87	mayest	may	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	88	aux	_	_
88	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	78	advcl	_	_
89	home	home	ADV	RB	_	88	advmod	_	_
90	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	32	punct	_	_
91	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	32	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- hedged: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise up** | past | the man |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **depart** | to-infinitive | the man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | man |  |  |  |  | unto father | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **draw** | present | the day |  |  |  | now; evening |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **tarry** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **pray** | present | I | you |  |  | night |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **grow** | present | the day |  |  |  | to a end |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 8 | **lodge** | infinitive |  |  |  | here |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **is** | may | thy heart |  |  |  |  | merry *property* | tree rules |
| 10 | **get** | infinitive |  | you |  | your way |  | to morrow; early *property* | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent you=Theme on way=Source |
| 11 | **go** | may | thou |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֤קָם הָאִישׁ֙ לָלֶ֔כֶת ה֥וּא וּפִילַגְשׁ֖וֹ וְנַעֲר֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֣וֹ חֹתְנ֣וֹ אֲבִ֣י הַֽנַּעֲרָ֡ה הִנֵּ֣ה נָא֩ רָפָ֨ה הַיּ֜וֹם לַעֲרֹ֗ב לִֽינוּ־נָ֞א הִנֵּ֨ה חֲנ֤וֹת הַיּוֹם֙ לִ֥ין פֹּה֙ וְיִיטַ֣ב לְבָבֶ֔ךָ וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּ֤ם מָחָר֙ לְדַרְכְּכֶ֔ם וְהָלַכְתָּ֖ לְאֹהָלֶֽךָ׃

[Judges 19:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:558` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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