---
title: Judges 2:19 (JPS 1917) — But it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they turned back,… · tree and pragmatics
description: But it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they turned back, and dealt more corruptly than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to worship them; they left nothing undone of their practices, nor of their stubborn way. Who acts: way, judge, judges. Judges 2:19 in JPS 1917 
---

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# Judges 2:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they turned back, and dealt more corruptly than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to worship them; they left nothing undone of their practices, nor of their stubborn way.

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**Who acts:** way, judge, judges · **What happens:** come, pass, be, turn back, deal, follow · **To what, where:** other gods, judges, nothing

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This is Judges 2:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (way, judge, judges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:56
# text = But it came to pass, when the judge was dead, that they turned back, and dealt more corruptly than their fathers, in following other gods to serve them, and to worship them; they left nothing undone of their practices, nor of their stubborn way.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
16	back	back	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	dealt	deal	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
20	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	21	advmod	_	_
21	corruptly	corruptly	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	than	than	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	fathers	father	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
27	following	follow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	19	advcl	_	_
28	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
29	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	advcl	_	_
32	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	obj	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	to	to	PART	TO	_	36	mark	_	_
36	worship	worship	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	31	conj	_	_
37	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	obj	_	_
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
39	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
40	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
41	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	40	obj	_	_
42	undone	undo	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	practices	practice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
47	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	51	cc	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
49	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	51	nmod:poss	_	_
50	stubborn	stubborn	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	amod	_	_
51	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	45	conj	_	_
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | way |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | the judge |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **turn back** | past | judges *= judge* |  |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **deal** | past | judges *= judge* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | corruptly *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **follow** | gerund | judges *= judge* *not said here* | other gods |  |  |  |  | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent god=Theme |
| 7 | **serve** | to-infinitive | judges *= judge* *not said here* | judges *= judge* |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Attribute |
| 8 | **worship** | to-infinitive | judges *= judge* *not said here* | judges *= judge* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 9 | **leave** | past | judges *= judge* | nothing |  |  |  | of judges's practices nor judges's stubborn way | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme nothing=Source of practice=Destination |
| 10 | **practice** |  | judges *= judge* |  |  |  |  |  | nom practice «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בְּמ֣וֹת הַשּׁוֹפֵ֗ט יָשֻׁ֙בוּ֙ וְהִשְׁחִ֣יתוּ מֵֽאֲבוֹתָ֔ם לָלֶ֗כֶת אַֽחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים לְעָבְדָ֖ם וּלְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֣ת לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א הִפִּ֙ילוּ֙ מִמַּ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּמִדַּרְכָּ֖ם הַקָּשָֽׁה׃

[Judges 2:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.2.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:56` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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