---
title: Judges 19:16 (JPS 1917) — And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at… · tree and pragmatics
description: And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even; now the man was of the hill-country of Ephraim, and he sojourned in Gibeah; but the men of the place were Benjamites. Who acts: old man, man, men. Judges 19:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Judges 19:16 · JPS 1917

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And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even; now the man was of the hill-country of Ephraim, and he sojourned in Gibeah; but the men of the place were Benjamites.

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**Who acts:** old man, man, men · **What happens:** come, be, sojourn, work · **To what, where:** work, Gibeah, Benjamites

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This is Judges 19:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, man, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:565
# text = And, behold, there came an old man from his work out of the field at even; now the man was of the hill-country of Ephraim, and he sojourned in Gibeah; but the men of the place were Benjamites.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	6	discourse	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	even	even	NOUN	NN	_	6	obl	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
20	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
26	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	_
28	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Ephraim	Ephraim	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	nsubj	_	_
34	sojourned	sojourn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Gibeah	Gibeah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	45	punct	_	_
38	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nsubj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
44	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
45	Benjamites	Benjamite	NOUN	NNPS	Number=Plur	28	conj	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a old man |  |  | man's work; there |  | out the field; at even | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from work=Initial\_Location out field=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | past | the man |  |  |  | now | of the hill country but Benjamites; of Ephraim | tree rules |
| 3 | **sojourn** | past | man |  |  | Gibeah |  |  | vn weekend-56 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in gibeah=Location |
| 4 | **is a** | past | the men of the place | Benjamites |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **work** |  | man |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אִ֣ישׁ זָקֵ֗ן בָּ֣א מִֽן־מַעֲשֵׂ֤הוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְהָאִישׁ֙ מֵהַ֣ר אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהוּא־גָ֖ר בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם בְּנֵ֥י יְמִינִֽי׃

[Judges 19:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:565` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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