--- title: Judges 19:25 (JPS 1917) — But the men would not hearken to him; so the man laid hold on his co… · tree and pragmatics description: But the men would not hearken to him; so the man laid hold on his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning; and when the day began to spring, they let her go. Who acts: men, man, virgin, day. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, man, virgin, day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:574 # text = But the men would not hearken to him; so the man laid hold on his concubine, and brought her forth unto them; and they knew her, and abused her all the night until the morning; and when the day began to spring, they let her go. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 4 would would AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 6 aux _ _ 5 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 6 advmod _ _ 6 hearken hearken VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 10 so so ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 laid lay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 14 hold hold NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 15 on on ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ _ 17 concubine concubine NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 brought bring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 21 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 forth forth ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 23 unto unto ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obl _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 29 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 obj _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 32 abused abuse VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 28 conj _ _ 33 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ _ 34 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 36 det:predet _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 night night NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl:unmarked _ _ 37 until until ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 morning morning NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT : _ 50 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 50 cc _ _ 42 when when ADV WRB _ 45 advmod _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ _ 45 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 50 advcl _ _ 46 to to PART TO _ 47 mark _ _ 47 spring spring VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 xcomp _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 49 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 nsubj _ _ 50 let let VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 51 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 50 obj _ _ 52 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 50 xcomp _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **hearken** | would | the men | | concubine | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **lay** | past | the man | hold | | man's concubine | | | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent hold=Theme on concubine=Destination | | 3 | **bring** | past | the man *not said here* | | provender | | | unto virgin; forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument she=Destination | | 4 | **know** | past | virgin | provender | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus | | 5 | **abuse** | past | virgin *not said here* | provender | | | morning; night | | vn judgment-33.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Theme | | 6 | **begin** | past | the day | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 7 | **spring** | to-infinitive | the day *not said here* | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 8 | **let** | past | virgin | provender | | | | | tree rules | | 9 | **go** | infinitive | provender *not said here* | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ ל֔וֹ וַיַּחֲזֵ֤ק הָאִישׁ֙ בְּפִ֣ילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַיֹּצֵ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַח֑וּץ וַיֵּדְע֣וּ א֠וֹתָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ כַּעֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃ [Judges 19:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.25/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:574` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 19:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.573/) - next →: [Judges 19:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.575/) - ↑ back to [Judges 19:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.19.25/)