---
title: Judges 20:18 (JPS 1917) — And the children of Israel arose, and went up to Beth-el, and asked… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the children of Israel arose, and went up to Beth-el, and asked counsel of God; and they said: 'Who shall go up for us first to battle against the children of Benjamin?' And the LORD said: 'Judah first.' Who acts: children, LORD. Judges 20:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.597/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / [20:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.18/) / JPS 1

# Judges 20:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the children of Israel arose, and went up to Beth-el, and asked counsel of God; and they said: 'Who shall go up for us first to battle against the children of Benjamin?' And the LORD said: 'Judah first.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, LORD · **What happens:** arise, go up, ask, say, battle · **To what, where:** Beth el, counsel · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 20:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:597
# text = And the children of Israel arose, and went up to Beth-el, and asked counsel of God; and they said: 'Who shall go up for us first to battle against the children of Benjamin?' And the LORD said: 'Judah first.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	arose	arise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	up	up	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	Beth	Beth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	_
14	el	el	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
18	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	_
27	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	29	nsubj	_	_
28	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	ccomp	_	_
30	up	up	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	obl	_	_
33	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	29	advmod	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	battle	battle	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	advcl	_	_
36	against	against	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	_
41	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
42	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
43	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	nsubj	_	_
46	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
47	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	49	punct	_	_
48	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	49	punct	_	_
49	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	46	ccomp	_	_
50	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	49	advmod	_	_
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	49	punct	_	_
52	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	49	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arise** | past | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go up** | past | the children of Israel *not said here* |  | Beth el |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the children of Israel *not said here* | counsel of God |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent counsel=Recipient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **go up** | shall |  |  |  |  |  | for us; first *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 6 | **battle** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | against the children of Benjamin | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּקֻ֜מוּ וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בֵֽית־אֵל֮בֵֽית־אֵל֮ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֣וּ בֵאלֹהִים֒ וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִ֚י יַעֲלֶה־לָּ֣נוּ בַתְּחִלָּ֔ה לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עִם־בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֑ן וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה יְהוּדָ֥ה בַתְּחִלָּֽה׃

[Judges 20:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.18/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:597` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Judges 20:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.596/)
- next →: [Judges 20:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.598/)
- ↑ back to [Judges 20:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.18/)