---
title: Judges 2:23 (JPS 1917) — So the LORD left those nations, without driving them out hastily; ne… · tree and pragmatics
description: So the LORD left those nations, without driving them out hastily; neither delivered He them into the hand of Joshua. Who acts: LORD. Judges 2:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 2:23 · JPS 1917

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So the LORD left those nations, without driving them out hastily; neither delivered He them into the hand of Joshua.

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**Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** leave, drive out, deliver · **To what, where:** nations, judges, hand

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This is Judges 2:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:60
# text = So the LORD left those nations, without driving them out hastily; neither delivered He them into the hand of Joshua.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	nations	nation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	driving	drive	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	_
12	hastily	hastily	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	15	cc	_	_
15	delivered	deliver	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
16	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
17	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Joshua	Joshua	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | the LORD | that nations |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nation=Theme |
| 2 | **drive out** | gerund | the LORD *not said here* | judges *= judge* |  |  |  | hastily *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme they=Trajectory |
| 3 | **deliver** | past | LORD | judges *= judge* |  | the hand of Joshua |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּנַּ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַגּוֹיִ֣ם הָאֵ֔לֶּה לְבִלְתִּ֥י הוֹרִישָׁ֖ם מַהֵ֑ר וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם בְּיַד־יְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃פ

[Judges 2:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.2.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:60` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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