---
title: Judges 20:23 (JPS 1917) — And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until ev… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until even; and they asked of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I again draw nigh to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother?' And the LORD said: 'Go up against him.' Who acts: children, I, LORD. Judges 20:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependen
---

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# Judges 20:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until even; and they asked of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I again draw nigh to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother?' And the LORD said: 'Go up against him.'

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**Who acts:** children, I, LORD · **What happens:** go up, weep, ask, say, draw · **To what, where:** battle · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 20:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, I, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:602
# text = And the children of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until even; and they asked of the LORD, saying: 'Shall I again draw nigh to battle against the children of Benjamin my brother?' And the LORD said: 'Go up against him.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	up	up	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	wept	weep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	before	before	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	until	until	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	even	even	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	18	advcl	_	_
24	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	_
26	Shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	again	again	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
29	draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	ccomp	_	_
30	nigh	nigh	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
31	to	to	PART	TO	_	32	case	_	_
32	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	against	against	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
36	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
38	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	appos	_	_
40	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
41	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
42	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	45	nsubj	_	_
45	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
46	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	48	punct	_	_
47	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	48	punct	_	_
48	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	45	ccomp	_	_
49	up	up	ADV	RB	_	48	advmod	_	_
50	against	against	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
51	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	obl	_	_
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	48	punct	_	_
53	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	48	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=ask, indirect=0

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **weep** | past | the children of Israel *not said here* |  |  |  | before the LORD; until even |  | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  | of the LORD | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent of lord=Recipient |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | children *= child* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **draw** | shall | I |  |  | battle | again | against the children of Benjamin; nigh *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to battle=Destination |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **go up** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | against Israel | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיַּעֲל֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיִּבְכּ֣וּ לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָה֮ עַד־הָעֶרֶב֒ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֤וּ בַֽיהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הַאוֹסִ֗יף לָגֶ֙שֶׁת֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עִם־בְּנֵ֥י בִנְיָמִ֖ן אָחִ֑י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה עֲל֥וּ אֵלָֽיו׃פ

[Judges 20:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:602` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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