--- title: Judges 3:1 (JPS 1917) — Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by th… · tree and pragmatics description: Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many as had not known all the wars of Canaan; Who acts: these, LORD, Canaan. Judges 3:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.61/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/3/) / [3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.1/) / JPS 1 # Judges 3:1 · JPS 1917 Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many as had not known all the wars of Canaan; **Who acts:** these, LORD, Canaan · **What happens:** be, leave, prove, not know, war · **To what, where:** nations, Israel, wars This is Judges 3:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these, LORD, Canaan), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:61 # text = Now these are the nations which the LORD left, to prove Israel by them, even as many as had not known all the wars of Canaan; 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 5 advmod _ _ 2 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 5 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 9 obj _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ _ 9 left leave VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 acl:relcl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 to to PART TO _ 12 mark _ _ 12 prove prove VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 advcl _ _ 13 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obj _ _ 14 by by ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 even even ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 18 as as ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 19 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 appos _ _ 20 as as SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 21 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 22 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 23 advmod _ _ 23 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 19 advcl _ _ 24 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 26 det:predet _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 wars war NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 Canaan Canaan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 29 ; ; PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | these | the nations | | | now | | tree rules | | 2 | **leave** | past | the LORD | the nations | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | | 3 | **prove** | to-infinitive | the LORD *not said here* | Israel | | | | by nations *= nation* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent israel=Theme | | 4 | **not** **know** | past · perfect | these *not said here* | all wars of Canaan | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer war=Stimulus | | 5 | **war** | | Canaan | | | | | | nom war «act intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְאֵ֤לֶּה הַגּוֹיִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִנִּ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה לְנַסּ֥וֹת בָּ֖ם אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר לֹֽא־יָדְע֔וּ אֵ֖ת כָּל־מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת כְּנָֽעַן׃ [Judges 3:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.1/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:61` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 2:23 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.60/) - next →: [Judges 3:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.62/) - ↑ back to [Judges 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.1/)