--- title: Judges 20:31 (JPS 1917) — And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were d… · tree and pragmatics description: And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite and kill of the people, as at other times, in the field, in the highways, of which one goeth up to Beth-el, and the other to Gibeah, about thirty men of Israel. Who acts: children, on --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.610/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / [20:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.31/) / JPS 1 # Judges 20:31 · JPS 1917 And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite and kill of the people, as at other times, in the field, in the highways, of which one goeth up to Beth-el, and the other to Gibeah, about thirty men of Israel. **Who acts:** children, one · **What happens:** go out, draw away, begin, smite, kill, go up · **To what, where:** field, Beth el This is Judges 20:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:610 # text = And the children of Benjamin went out against the people, and were drawn away from the city; and they began to smite and kill of the people, as at other times, in the field, in the highways, of which one goeth up to Beth-el, and the other to Gibeah, about thirty men of Israel. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Benjamin Benjamin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 out out ADV RB _ 6 advmod _ _ 8 against against ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 drawn draw VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 6 conj _ _ 15 away away ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 16 from from ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 obl _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 smite smite VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 xcomp _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 kill kill VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 conj _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 31 as as ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 at at ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 times time NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 35 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 field field NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 40 in in ADP IN _ 42 case _ _ 41 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 42 highways highway NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 44 of of ADP IN _ 45 case _ _ 45 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 47 obl _ _ 46 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 47 nsubj _ _ 47 goeth go VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 42 acl:relcl _ _ 48 up up ADP RP _ 47 compound:prt _ _ 49 to to ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 50 Beth Beth PROPN NNP Number=Sing 52 compound _ _ 51 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 50 punct _ _ 52 el El PROPN NNP Number=Sing 47 obl _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 54 and and CCONJ CC _ 56 cc _ _ 55 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 56 det _ _ 56 other other ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 52 conj _ _ 57 to to ADP IN _ 58 case _ _ 58 Gibeah Gibeah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 56 nmod _ _ 59 , , PUNCT , _ 62 punct _ _ 60 about about ADV RB _ 61 advmod _ _ 61 thirty thirty NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 62 nummod _ _ 62 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 56 appos _ _ 63 of of ADP IN _ 64 case _ _ 64 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 62 nmod _ _ 65 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **go out** | past | the children of Benjamin | | | | | against the people; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **draw away** | past · passive | the children of Benjamin *not said here* | | | | | from the city; away *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: from city=Co-Patient | | 3 | **begin** | past | children *= child* | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 4 | **smite** | to-infinitive | children *= child* *not said here* | | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | | 5 | **kill** | infinitive | children *= child* *not said here* | | | the field | time | of the people; in the highways | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent of people=Initial\_Location | | 6 | **go up** | present | one | | Beth el | | | of the highways | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֵּצְא֤וּ בְנֵֽי־בִנְיָמִן֙ לִקְרַ֣את הָעָ֔ם הָנְתְּק֖וּ מִן־הָעִ֑יר וַיָּחֵ֡לּוּ לְהַכּוֹת֩ מֵהָעָ֨ם חֲלָלִ֜ים כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם בַּֽמְסִלּוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַחַ֜ת עֹלָ֣ה בֵֽית־אֵ֗לבֵֽית־אֵ֗ל וְאַחַ֤ת גִּבְעָ֙תָה֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה כִּשְׁלֹשִׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ [Judges 20:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:610` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 20:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.609/) - next →: [Judges 20:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.611/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.31/)