---
title: Judges 20:32 (JPS 1917) — And the children of Benjamin said: 'They are smitten down before us,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the children of Benjamin said: 'They are smitten down before us, as at the first.' But the children of Israel said: 'Let us flee, and draw them away from the city unto the highways.' Who acts: children, us. Judges 20:32 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 20:32 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the children of Benjamin said: 'They are smitten down before us, as at the first.' But the children of Israel said: 'Let us flee, and draw them away from the city unto the highways.'

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**Who acts:** children, us · **What happens:** say, smite down, let, flee, draw away · **To what, where:** children, us, city · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Judges 20:32 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (children, us), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:611
# text = And the children of Benjamin said: 'They are smitten down before us, as at the first.' But the children of Israel said: 'Let us flee, and draw them away from the city unto the highways.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
9	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
12	down	down	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	at	at	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	first	first	NOUN	JJ	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
22	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
28	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
29	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	_
30	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	ccomp	_	_
31	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	flee	flee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	conj	_	_
36	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	away	away	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
38	from	from	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
41	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	highways	highway	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obl	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
45	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the children of Benjamin |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **smite down** | present · passive |  | children *= child* |  |  | before us | as the first; down *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the children of Israel |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive |  | us |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **flee** | infinitive | us *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **draw away** | infinitive | us *not said here* | children *= child* |  | the city |  | unto the highways; away *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent they=Theme from city=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י בִנְיָמִ֔ן נִגָּפִ֥ים הֵ֛ם לְפָנֵ֖ינוּ כְּבָרִאשֹׁנָ֑ה וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל אָמְר֗וּ נָנ֙וּסָה֙ וּֽנְתַקְּנֻ֔הוּ מִן־הָעִ֖יר אֶל־הַֽמְסִלּֽוֹת׃

[Judges 20:32: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.32/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:611` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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