---
title: Judges 20:37 (JPS 1917) — And the liers-in-wait hastened, and rushed upon Gibeah; and the lier… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the liers-in-wait hastened, and rushed upon Gibeah; and the liers-in-wait drew forth, and smote all the city with the edge of the sword. Who acts: liers. Judges 20:37 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 20:37 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the liers-in-wait hastened, and rushed upon Gibeah; and the liers-in-wait drew forth, and smote all the city with the edge of the sword.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** liers · **What happens:** hasten, rush, draw, smote · **To what, where:** Gibeah, city

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 20:37 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (liers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:617
# text = And the liers-in-wait hastened, and rushed upon Gibeah; and the liers-in-wait drew forth, and smote all the city with the edge of the sword.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	liers	lier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	_
7	wait	wait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
8	hastened	hasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	rushed	rush	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
12	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Gibeah	Gibeah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	liers	lier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	21	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	_
21	wait	wait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
22	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
23	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
27	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	29	det:predet	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
30	with	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hasten** | past | the liers in wait |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **rush** | past | the liers in wait *not said here* |  |  | Gibeah |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon gibeah=Trajectory |
| 3 | **draw** | past | the liers in wait |  |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **smote** | past | the liers in wait *not said here* | all city |  |  |  | with the edge of the sword | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהָאֹרֵ֣ב הֵחִ֔ישׁוּ וַֽיִּפְשְׁט֖וּ אֶל־הַגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיִּמְשֹׁךְ֙ הָאֹרֵ֔ב וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־כָּל־הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃

[Judges 20:37: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.37/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:617` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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