---
title: Judges 20:38 (JPS 1917) — Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the li… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers-in-wait, that they should make a great beacon of smoke rise up out of the city. — Who acts: liers, great beacon, smoke. Judges 20:38 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 20:38 · JPS 1917

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Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers-in-wait, that they should make a great beacon of smoke rise up out of the city. —

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** liers, great beacon, smoke · **What happens:** make, rise up, beacon · **To what, where:** great beacon, city

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 20:38 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (liers, great beacon, smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:618
# text = Now there was an appointed sign between the men of Israel and the liers-in-wait, that they should make a great beacon of smoke rise up out of the city. —
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	appointed	appoint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
7	between	between	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	liers	lier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	16	punct	_	_
18	wait	wait	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	beacon	beacon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
29	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
30	up	up	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	out	out	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
36	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | should | liers *= lier* | a great beacon of smoke |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rise up** | infinitive | a great beacon of smoke *not said here* |  |  | the city |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent out city=Location |
| 3 | **beacon** |  | smoke |  |  |  |  |  | nom beacon «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהַמּוֹעֵ֗ד הָיָ֛ה לְאִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עִם־הָאֹרֵ֑ב הֶ֕רֶב לְהַעֲלוֹתָ֛ם מַשְׂאַ֥ת הֶעָשָׁ֖ן מִן־הָעִֽיר׃

[Judges 20:38: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.38/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:618` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Judges 20:37 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.617/)
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