--- title: Judges 20:40 (JPS 1917) — But when the beacon began to arise up out of the city in a pillar of… · tree and pragmatics description: But when the beacon began to arise up out of the city in a pillar of smoke, the Benjamites looked behind them, and, behold, the whole of the city went up in smoke to heaven. Who acts: beacon, Benjamites, whole. Judges 20:40 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.620/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / [20:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.40/) / JPS 1 # Judges 20:40 · JPS 1917 But when the beacon began to arise up out of the city in a pillar of smoke, the Benjamites looked behind them, and, behold, the whole of the city went up in smoke to heaven. **Who acts:** beacon, Benjamites, whole · **What happens:** begin, arise up, look, go up · **To what, where:** city This is Judges 20:40 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (beacon, Benjamites, whole), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:620 # text = But when the beacon began to arise up out of the city in a pillar of smoke, the Benjamites looked behind them, and, behold, the whole of the city went up in smoke to heaven. 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 2 when when SCONJ WRB _ 5 mark _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 beacon beacon NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 advcl _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 arise arise VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 xcomp _ _ 8 up up ADP RP _ 7 compound:prt _ _ 9 out out ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 pillar pillar NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 Benjamites benjamite PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 21 looked look VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 22 behind behind ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 behold behold INTJ UH _ 34 discourse _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 whole whole NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 34 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 35 up up ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 38 to to ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 heaven heaven NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 21 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **begin** | past | the beacon | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 2 | **arise up** | to-infinitive | the beacon *not said here* | | | the city | | in a pillar of smoke | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out city=Location | | 3 | **look** | past | the Benjamites | | | | | behind persons *= person* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent behind they=Theme | | 4 | **go up** | past | the whole of the city | | | | | to heaven; in smoke | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in smoke=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהַמַּשְׂאֵ֗ת הֵחֵ֛לָּה לַעֲל֥וֹת מִן־הָעִ֖יר עַמּ֣וּד עָשָׁ֑ן וַיִּ֤פֶן בִּנְיָמִן֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְהִנֵּ֛ה עָלָ֥ה כְלִיל־הָעִ֖יר הַשָּׁמָֽיְמָה׃ [Judges 20:40: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.40/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:620` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 20:39 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.619/) - next →: [Judges 20:41 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.621/) - ↑ back to [Judges 20:40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.40/)