---
title: Judges 20:48 (JPS 1917) — And the men of Israel turned back upon the children of Benjamin, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the men of Israel turned back upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, both the entire city, and the cattle, and all that they found; moreover all the cities which they found they set on fire. Who acts: men, children. Judges 20:48 in JPS 1917 with its dependency 
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.628/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/20/) / [20:48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.48/) / JPS 1

# Judges 20:48 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the men of Israel turned back upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, both the entire city, and the cattle, and all that they found; moreover all the cities which they found they set on fire.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** men, children · **What happens:** turn back, smote, find, set · **To what, where:** children, cities, fire

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 20:48 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:628
# text = And the men of Israel turned back upon the children of Benjamin, and smote them with the edge of the sword, both the entire city, and the cattle, and all that they found; moreover all the cities which they found they set on fire.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	smote	smote	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	with	with	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	edge	edge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
24	both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc:preconj	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
26	entire	entire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	_
27	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	cattle	cattle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	conj	_	_
35	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	obj	_	_
36	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	acl:relcl	_	_
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
39	moreover	moreover	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
40	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	42	det:predet	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obj	_	_
43	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	45	obj	_	_
44	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
45	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	acl:relcl	_	_
46	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	47	nsubj	_	_
47	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
48	on	on	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	obl	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn back** | past | the men of Israel |  |  |  |  | upon the children of Benjamin | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **smote** | past | the men of Israel *not said here* | children *= child* |  |  |  | with the edge of the sword both the entire city and the cattle | tree rules |
| 3 | **find** | past | children *= child* |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Topic |
| 4 | **find** | past | children *= child* | all cities |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Topic |
| 5 | **set** | past | children *= child* | all cities |  | fire |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent city=Theme on fire=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל שָׁ֣בוּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֤י בִנְיָמִן֙ וַיַּכּ֣וּם לְפִי־חֶ֔רֶב מֵעִ֤יר מְתֹם֙ עַד־בְּהֵמָ֔ה עַ֖ד כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֑א גַּ֛ם כָּל־הֶעָרִ֥ים הַנִּמְצָא֖וֹת שִׁלְּח֥וּ בָאֵֽשׁ׃פ

[Judges 20:48: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.48/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:628` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Judges 20:47 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.627/)
- next →: [Judges 21:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.629/)
- ↑ back to [Judges 20:48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.20.48/)