---
title: Judges 21:1 (JPS 1917) — Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying: 'There shall not… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying: 'There shall not any of us give his daughter unto Benjamin to wife.' Who acts: men, any. Judges 21:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 21:1 · JPS 1917

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Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying: 'There shall not any of us give his daughter unto Benjamin to wife.'

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**Who acts:** men, any · **What happens:** swear, say, not give · **To what, where:** Mizpah, daughter, wife · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Judges 21:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, any), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:629
# text = Now the men of Israel had sworn in Mizpah, saying: 'There shall not any of us give his daughter unto Benjamin to wife.'
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	sworn	swear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Mizpah	Mizpah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	_
14	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	20	expl	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	Mood=Ind|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
17	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	nsubj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nmod	_	_
20	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	ccomp	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Benjamin	Benjamin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=narrate

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past · perfect | the men of Israel |  |  | Mizpah | now |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the men of Israel *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **give** | shall | any | Mizpah's daughter | wife | there |  | unto Benjamin | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent daughter=Theme to wife=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וְאִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נִשְׁבַּ֥ע בַּמִּצְפָּ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֣ישׁ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ לֹא־יִתֵּ֥ן בִּתּ֛וֹ לְבִנְיָמִ֖ן לְאִשָּֽׁה׃

[Judges 21:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.21.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:629` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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