--- title: Judges 21:18 (JPS 1917) — Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters.' For the childr… · tree and pragmatics description: Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters.' For the children of Israel had sworn, saying: 'Cursed be he that giveth a wife to Benjamin.' Who acts: we, children. Judges 21:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.646/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/21/) / [21:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.21.18/) / JPS 1 # Judges 21:18 · JPS 1917 Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters.' For the children of Israel had sworn, saying: 'Cursed be he that giveth a wife to Benjamin.' **Who acts:** we, children · **What happens:** not give, swear, say, curse, give · **To what, where:** wives, women, Israel, wife, Benjamin · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Judges 21:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:646 # text = Howbeit we may not give them wives of our daughters.' For the children of Israel had sworn, saying: 'Cursed be he that giveth a wife to Benjamin.' 1 Howbeit howbeit ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 2 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 3 may may AUX MD Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 4 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 5 advmod _ _ 5 give give VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 6 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 iobj _ _ 7 wives wife NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 daughters daughter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ _ 11 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ 12 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 13 For for SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 18 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 sworn swear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 21 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 19 advcl _ _ 22 : : PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 23 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 24 punct _ _ 24 Cursed curse VERB VBN Mood=Imp|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 21 ccomp _ _ 25 be be AUX VB Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux:pass _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 27 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 28 nsubj _ _ 28 giveth give VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 acl:relcl _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 wife wife NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 32 Benjamin Benjamin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 24 punct _ _ 34 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 24 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **not** **give** | may | we | wives of our daughters | women *= woman* | | | howbeit *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient wife=Theme | | 2 | **swear** | past · perfect | the children of Israel | | | | | | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the children of Israel *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **curse** | infinitive · passive | | Israel | | | | | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 5 | **give** | present | | a wife | Benjamin | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent wife=Theme to benjamin=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַאֲנַ֗חְנוּ לֹ֥א נוּכַ֛ל לָתֵת־לָהֶ֥ם נָשִׁ֖ים מִבְּנוֹתֵ֑ינוּ כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּע֤וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר אָר֕וּר נֹתֵ֥ן אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבִנְיָמִֽן׃ס [Judges 21:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.21.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:646` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 21:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.645/) - next →: [Judges 21:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.647/) - ↑ back to [Judges 21:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.21.18/)