---
title: Judges 3:25 (JPS 1917) — And they tarried till they were ashamed; and, behold, he opened not… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they tarried till they were ashamed; and, behold, he opened not the doors of the upper chamber; therefore they took the key, and opened them; and, behold, their lord was fallen down dead on the earth. Who acts: doors, Ehud. Judges 3:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Judges 3:25 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they tarried till they were ashamed; and, behold, he opened not the doors of the upper chamber; therefore they took the key, and opened them; and, behold, their lord was fallen down dead on the earth.

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**Who acts:** doors, Ehud · **What happens:** tarry, be, not open, take, open, fall down · **To what, where:** doors, key, lord, earth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 3:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (doors, Ehud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:87
# text = And they tarried till they were ashamed; and, behold, he opened not the doors of the upper chamber; therefore they took the key, and opened them; and, behold, their lord was fallen down dead on the earth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tarried	tarry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	till	till	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	ashamed	ashamed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	14	discourse	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	doors	door	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	upper	upper	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	chamber	chamber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	key	key	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	opened	open	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
35	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	40	discourse	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
37	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	lord	lord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj:pass	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
41	down	down	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
42	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	40	xcomp	_	_
43	on	on	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tarry** | past | doors *= door* |  |  |  |  |  | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | past | doors *= door* |  |  |  |  | ashamed *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **open** | past | Ehud | the doors of the upper chamber |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location door=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | past | doors *= door* | the key |  |  |  | therefore *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent key=Theme |
| 5 | **open** | past | doors *= door* *not said here* | doors *= door* |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
| 6 | **fall down** | past · passive |  | doors's lord |  | the earth |  | dead, down *property* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּחִ֣ילוּ עַד־בּ֔וֹשׁ וְהְנֵּ֛האֵינֶ֥נּוּ פֹתֵ֖חַ דַּלְת֣וֹת הָֽעֲלִיָּ֑הוַיִּקְח֤וּ אֶת־הַמַּפְתֵּ֙חַ֙ וַיִּפְתָּ֔חוּ וְהִנֵּה֙ אֲדֹ֣נֵיהֶ֔ם נֹפֵ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה מֵֽת׃

[Judges 3:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.3.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:87` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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