---
title: Jeremiah 39:4 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah and all th… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah and all the men of war saw them, then they fled, and went forth out of the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, by the gate betwixt the two walls; and he went out the way of the Arabah. Who acts: breach, Zedekiah, men. Jeremiah 39:
---

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# Jeremiah 39:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah and all the men of war saw them, then they fled, and went forth out of the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, by the gate betwixt the two walls; and he went out the way of the Arabah.

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**Who acts:** breach, Zedekiah, men · **What happens:** come, pass, see, flee, go, go out · **To what, where:** men, city, way

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This is Jeremiah 39:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (breach, Zedekiah, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1078
# text = And it came to pass, that when Zedekiah the king of Judah and all the men of war saw them, then they fled, and went forth out of the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, by the gate betwixt the two walls; and he went out the way of the Arabah.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	20	mark	_	_
9	Zedekiah	Zedekiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	17	det:predet	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
20	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	25	advmod	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
29	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
30	out	out	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	by	by	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	by	by	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
40	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	nmod:poss	_	_
43	's	's	PART	POS	_	42	case	_	_
44	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nmod	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
46	by	by	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
49	betwixt	betwixt	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
51	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	52	nummod	_	_
52	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	48	nmod	_	_
53	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	56	punct	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
55	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	56	nsubj	_	_
56	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
57	out	out	ADP	RP	_	56	compound:prt	_	_
58	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	59	det	_	_
59	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obl:unmarked	_	_
60	of	of	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
61	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
62	Arabah	Arabah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	59	nmod	_	_
63	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | breach |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive | breach *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | past | Zedekiah and all men of war | men *= man* |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer they=Stimulus |
| 4 | **flee** | past | men *= man* |  |  |  | then |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **go** | past | men *= man* *not said here* |  |  | the city | night | by the way of the king's garden; by the gate betwixt the two walls; forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out city=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **go out** | past | Zedekiah | the way of the Arabah |  |  |  |  | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר רָ֠אָם צִדְקִיָּ֨הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֜ה וְכֹ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וַֽ֠יִּבְרְחוּ וַיֵּצְא֨וּ לַ֤יְלָה מִן־הָעִיר֙ דֶּ֚רֶךְ גַּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ בְּשַׁ֖עַר בֵּ֣ין הַחֹמֹתָ֑יִם וַיֵּצֵ֖א דֶּ֥רֶךְ הָעֲרָבָֽה׃

[Jeremiah 39:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.39.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1078` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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