---
title: Jeremiah 40:7 (JPS 1917) — Now when all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, eve… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now when all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, even they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam governor in the land, and had committed unto him men, and women, and children, and of the poorest of the land, of them that were not carried aw
---

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# Jeremiah 40:7 · JPS 1917

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Now when all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, even they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam governor in the land, and had committed unto him men, and women, and children, and of the poorest of the land, of them that were not carried away captive to Babylon;

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**Who acts:** forces, captains, king · **What happens:** be, hear, make, commit, not carry away · **To what, where:** fields, Gedaliah, land, men, Babylon · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 40:7 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (forces, captains, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1100
# text = Now when all the captains of the forces that were in the fields, even they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam governor in the land, and had committed unto him men, and women, and children, and of the poorest of the land, of them that were not carried away captive to Babylon;
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	21	mark	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	captains	captain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	acl:relcl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	even	even	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	appos	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
22	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	28	mark	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	ccomp	_	_
29	Gedaliah	Gedaliah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Ahikam	Ahikam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	governor	governor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	xcomp	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	committed	commit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	conj	_	_
42	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	obl	_	_
44	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	conj	_	_
48	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	50	punct	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
50	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	conj	_	_
51	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
52	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	55	cc	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	poorest	poor	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	44	conj	_	_
56	of	of	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	55	nmod	_	_
59	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	61	punct	_	_
60	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
61	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	55	nmod	_	_
62	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	65	nsubj:pass	_	_
63	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	65	aux:pass	_	_
64	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	65	advmod	_	_
65	carried	carry	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	61	acl:relcl	_	_
66	away	away	ADV	RB	_	65	advmod	_	_
67	captive	captive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	65	xcomp	_	_
68	to	to	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
69	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	65	obl	_	_
70	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the forces |  |  | the fields |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hear** | past | all captains of the forces |  |  |  | now |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **make** | past · perfect | the king of Babylon | Gedaliah |  | the land |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gedaliah=Product |
| 4 | **commit** | past · perfect | the king of Babylon *not said here* | men and women and children |  |  |  | unto Ahikam | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **carry away** | past · passive |  |  | Babylon |  |  | away, captive *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to babylon=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֗ה הֵ֚מָּה וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־הִפְקִ֧יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֥הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֖ם בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְכִ֣י ׀ הִפְקִ֣יד אִתּ֗וֹ אֲנָשִׁ֤ים וְנָשִׁים֙ וָטָ֔ף וּמִדַּלַּ֣ת הָאָ֔רֶץ מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־הָגְל֖וּ בָּבֶֽלָה׃

[Jeremiah 40:7: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.7/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1100` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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