---
title: Jeremiah 40:9 (JPS 1917) — And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan swore unto them an… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan swore unto them and to their men, saying: 'Fear not to serve the Chaldeans; dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you. Who acts: Gedaliah, land. Jeremiah 40:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Jeremiah 40:9 · JPS 1917

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And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan swore unto them and to their men, saying: 'Fear not to serve the Chaldeans; dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you.

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**Who acts:** Gedaliah, land · **What happens:** swear, say, not fear, serve, dwell, be · **To what, where:** Chaldeans, land, king · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 40:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gedaliah, land), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1102
# text = And Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan swore unto them and to their men, saying: 'Fear not to serve the Chaldeans; dwell in the land, and serve the king of Babylon, and it shall be well with you.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
2	Gedaliah	Gedaliah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ahikam	Ahikam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Shaphan	Shaphan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	swore	swear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Fear	fear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	19	ccomp	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	serve	serve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	Chaldeans	Chaldean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	_
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
29	dwell	dwell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	serve	serve	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
38	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nmod	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
42	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
43	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	45	aux	_	_
44	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	cop	_	_
45	well	well	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
46	with	with	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	45	obl	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate, indirect=0, polarity=none, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swear** | past | Gedaliah |  |  |  |  | unto men *= man* | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Gedaliah *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **fear** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **serve** | to-infinitive |  | the Chaldeans |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chaldean=Attribute |
| 5 | **dwell** | infinitive |  |  |  | the land |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location |
| 6 | **serve** | infinitive |  | the king of Babylon |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent king=Attribute |
| 7 | **is** | shall | land |  |  |  |  | with you; well *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשָּׁבַ֨ע לָהֶ֜ם גְּדַלְיָ֨הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָ֤ם בֶּן־שָׁפָן֙ וּלְאַנְשֵׁיהֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר אַל־תִּֽירְא֖וּ מֵעֲב֣וֹד הַכַּשְׂדִּ֑ים שְׁב֣וּ בָאָ֗רֶץ וְעִבְד֛וּ אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְיִיטַ֥ב לָכֶֽם׃

[Jeremiah 40:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1102` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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