---
title: Jeremiah 40:16 (JPS 1917) — But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah:… · tree and pragmatics
description: But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah: 'Thou shalt not do this thing; for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael.' Who acts: Gedaliah, Thou. Jeremiah 40:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 40:16 · JPS 1917

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But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah: 'Thou shalt not do this thing; for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael.'

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**Who acts:** Gedaliah, Thou · **What happens:** say, not do, speak · **To what, where:** thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 40:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gedaliah, Thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1109
# text = But Gedaliah the son of Ahikam said unto Johanan the son of Kareah: 'Thou shalt not do this thing; for thou speakest falsely of Ishmael.'
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	Gedaliah	Gedaliah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ahikam	Ahikam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Johanan	Johanan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Kareah	Kareah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
15	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	_
16	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	nsubj	_	_
17	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
20	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	21	det	_	_
21	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
23	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	25	nsubj	_	_
25	speakest	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
26	falsely	falsely	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Ishmael	Ishmael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: disagree
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Gedaliah |  |  |  |  | unto Johanan | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **do** | shall | Thou | this thing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | thou |  |  |  |  | of Ishmael; falsely *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֨אמֶר גְּדַלְיָ֤הוּ בֶן־אֲחִיקָם֙ אֶל־יוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָרֵ֔חַ אַֽל־תַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה כִּֽי־שֶׁ֛קֶר אַתָּ֥ה דֹבֵ֖ר אֶל־יִשְׁמָעֵֽאל׃ס

[Jeremiah 40:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1109` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Jeremiah 40:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1108/)
- next →: [Jeremiah 41:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1110/)
- ↑ back to [Jeremiah 40:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.40.16/)