--- title: Jeremiah 41:18 (JPS 1917) — because of the Chaldeans; for they were afraid of them, because Ishm… · tree and pragmatics description: because of the Chaldeans; for they were afraid of them, because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon made governor over the land. Who acts: Johanan, Ishmael, king. Jeremiah 41:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1127/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/41/) / [41:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.41.18/) / JPS 1 # Jeremiah 41:18 · JPS 1917 because of the Chaldeans; for they were afraid of them, because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon made governor over the land. **Who acts:** Johanan, Ishmael, king · **What happens:** be, slay, make · **To what, where:** Gedaliah, governor, son, land This is Jeremiah 41:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Johanan, Ishmael, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:1127 # text = because of the Chaldeans; for they were afraid of them, because Ishmael the son of Nethaniah had slain Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, whom the king of Babylon made governor over the land. 1 because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 4 case _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 1 fixed _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 Chaldeans chaldean PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 5 ; ; PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 6 for for SCONJ IN _ 9 mark _ _ 7 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 8 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 9 cop _ _ 9 afraid afraid ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 parataxis _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 9 obl _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 13 because because SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 14 Ishmael Ishmael PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 appos _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 Nethaniah Nethaniah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 nmod _ _ 19 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux _ _ 20 slain slay VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 9 advcl _ _ 21 Gedaliah Gedaliah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 son son NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 appos _ _ 24 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 Ahikam Ahikam PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 27 whom whom PRON WP PronType=Rel 32 obj _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 Babylon Babylon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 nmod _ _ 32 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 33 governor governor NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 34 over over ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Johanan | | | | | of Chaldeans *= chaldean*; afraid *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **slay** | past · perfect | Ishmael | Gedaliah | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gedaliah=Patient | | 3 | **make** | past | the king of Babylon | governor | the son of Ahikam | the land | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset whom=Beneficiary governor=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} מִפְּנֵי֙ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֔ים כִּ֥י יָרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־הִכָּ֞ה יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֗ה אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־אֲחִיקָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־הִפְקִ֥יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֖ל בָּאָֽרֶץ׃ס [Jeremiah 41:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.41.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1127` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 41:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1126/) - next →: [Jeremiah 42:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1128/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 41:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.41.18/)