--- title: Jeremiah 44:2 (JPS 1917) — 'Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Ye have seen all t… · tree and pragmatics description: 'Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Ye have seen all the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem, and upon all the cities of Judah; and, behold, this day they are a desolation, and no man dwelleth therein; Who acts: LORD, Ye, I, cities. Jeremiah 44:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tre --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1164/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/44/) / [44:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.2/) / JPS 1 # Jeremiah 44:2 · JPS 1917 'Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Ye have seen all the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem, and upon all the cities of Judah; and, behold, this day they are a desolation, and no man dwelleth therein; **Who acts:** LORD, Ye, I, cities, man · **What happens:** say, see, bring, be, dwell · **To what, where:** evil, desolation · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Jeremiah 44:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, Ye, I, cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:1164 # text = 'Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Ye have seen all the evil that I have brought upon Jerusalem, and upon all the cities of Judah; and, behold, this day they are a desolation, and no man dwelleth therein; 1 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 3 punct _ _ 2 Thus thus ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 3 saith say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 hosts host NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 God God PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 13 : : PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ 14 Ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 16 nsubj _ _ 15 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 seen see VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 ccomp _ _ 17 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 19 det:predet _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 evil evil NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 20 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 23 obj _ _ 21 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 22 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux _ _ 23 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 19 acl:relcl _ _ 24 upon upon ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 Jerusalem Jerusalem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 28 upon upon ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 31 det:predet _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obl _ _ 32 of of ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 nmod _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT : _ 44 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 44 cc _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 behold behold INTJ UH _ 44 discourse _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 39 this this DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 40 det _ _ 40 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 obl:unmarked _ _ 41 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 42 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 desolation desolation NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 47 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 48 det _ _ 48 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 nsubj _ _ 49 dwelleth dwell VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 conj _ _ 50 therein therein ADV RB _ 49 advmod _ _ 51 ; ; PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed act=assert, polarity=neg | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD of hosts | | | | | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **see** | present · perfect | Ye | all evil | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer evil=Stimulus | | 3 | **bring** | present · perfect | I | all evil | | | | upon Jerusalem; upon all cities of Judah | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent that=Theme | | 4 | **is a** | present | cities *= city* | a desolation | | | day | | tree rules | | 5 | **dwell** | present | no man | | | | | therein *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כֹּה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֗ם אֵ֤ת כָּל־הָֽרָעָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֵבֵ֙אתִי֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְעַ֖ל כָּל־עָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וְהִנָּ֤ם חָרְבָּה֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין בָּהֶ֖ם יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ [Jeremiah 44:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.2/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1164` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 44:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1163/) - next →: [Jeremiah 44:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1165/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 44:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.2/)