---
title: Jeremiah 44:4 (JPS 1917) — Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them b… · tree and pragmatics
description: Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them betimes and often, saying: Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate. Who acts: I. Jeremiah 44:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 44:4 · JPS 1917

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Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them betimes and often, saying: Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** send, say, not do, hate · **To what, where:** servants, abominable thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 44:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1166
# text = Howbeit I sent unto you all My servants the prophets, sending them betimes and often, saying: Oh, do not this abominable thing that I hate.
1	Howbeit	howbeit	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	8	det:predet	_	_
7	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	prophets	prophet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	appos	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	sending	send	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	betimes	betimes	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	14	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	22	discourse	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
22	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	18	ccomp	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
24	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	26	det	_	_
25	abominable	abominable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	obj	_	_
28	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	hate	hate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | I | My servants |  |  |  | unto you; howbeit *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent servant=Theme |
| 2 | **send** | gerund | I *not said here* | servants *= servant* |  |  |  | betimes *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **not** **do** | infinitive |  | this abominable thing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 5 | **hate** | present | I | this abominable thing |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וָאֶשְׁלַ֤ח אֲלֵיכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲבָדַ֣י הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים הַשְׁכֵּ֥ים וְשָׁלֹ֖חַ לֵאמֹ֑ר אַל־נָ֣א תַעֲשׂ֗וּ אֵ֛ת דְּבַֽר־הַתֹּעֵבָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׂנֵֽאתִי׃

[Jeremiah 44:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1166` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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