---
title: Jeremiah 44:18 (JPS 1917) — But since we let off to offer to the queen of heaven, and to pour ou… · tree and pragmatics
description: But since we let off to offer to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink-offerings unto her, we have wanted all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine. Who acts: we, sword. Jeremiah 44:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 44:18 · JPS 1917

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But since we let off to offer to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink-offerings unto her, we have wanted all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine.

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**Who acts:** we, sword · **What happens:** let off, offer, pour out, want, consume · **To what, where:** queen, drink offerings, things

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This is Jeremiah 44:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, sword), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1180
# text = But since we let off to offer to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink-offerings unto her, we have wanted all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
2	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
3	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	let	let	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	offer	offer	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	pour	pour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	conj	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	_
18	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	_
20	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
21	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	wanted	want	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
27	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	det	_	_
28	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	consumed	consume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	conj	_	_
34	by	by	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl:agent	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	by	by	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	famine	famine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	conj	_	_
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: suggest
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let off** | past | we |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **offer** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  | the queen of heaven |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to queen=Goal |
| 3 | **pour out** | to-infinitive | we *not said here* | drink offerings |  |  |  | unto word | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offering=Patient |
| 4 | **want** | present · perfect | we | all things |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot thing=Theme |
| 5 | **consume** | present · perfect · passive | the sword and the famine |  |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּמִן־אָ֡ז חָדַ֜לְנוּ לְקַטֵּ֨ר לִמְלֶ֧כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְהַסֵּֽךְ־לָ֥הּ נְסָכִ֖ים חָסַ֣רְנוּ כֹ֑ל וּבַחֶ֥רֶב וּבָרָעָ֖ב תָּֽמְנוּ׃

[Jeremiah 44:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1180` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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