---
title: Jeremiah 44:23 (JPS 1917) — Because ye have offered, and because ye have sinned against the LORD… · tree and pragmatics
description: Because ye have offered, and because ye have sinned against the LORD, and have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD, nor walked in His law, nor in His statutes, nor in His testimonies; therefore this evil is happened unto you, as at this day.' Who acts: ye, LORD. Jeremiah 44:23 in JPS 1917 with it
---

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# Jeremiah 44:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Because ye have offered, and because ye have sinned against the LORD, and have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD, nor walked in His law, nor in His statutes, nor in His testimonies; therefore this evil is happened unto you, as at this day.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ye, LORD · **What happens:** offer, sin, not hearken, walk, happen, testify · **To what, where:** law, evil

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Jeremiah 44:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1185
# text = Because ye have offered, and because ye have sinned against the LORD, and have not hearkened to the voice of the LORD, nor walked in His law, nor in His statutes, nor in His testimonies; therefore this evil is happened unto you, as at this day.'
1	Because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	offered	offer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
8	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	sinned	sin	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
11	against	against	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	hearkened	hearken	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	27	cc	_	_
27	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	conj	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	30	nmod:poss	_	_
30	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	35	cc	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nmod:poss	_	_
35	statutes	statute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	40	cc	_	_
38	in	in	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	40	nmod:poss	_	_
40	testimonies	testimony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
42	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	46	advmod	_	_
43	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	44	det	_	_
44	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj:pass	_	_
45	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux:pass	_	_
46	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
47	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
48	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	46	obl	_	_
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
50	as	as	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	at	at	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
52	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	53	det	_	_
53	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obl	_	_
54	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
55	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **offer** | present · perfect | ye |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sin** | present · perfect | ye |  |  |  |  | against the LORD | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against lord=Maleficiary |
| 3 | **not** **hearken** | present · perfect | ye *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the voice of the LORD | tree rules |
| 4 | **walk** | past | ye *not said here* |  |  | LORD's law |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in law=Trajectory |
| 5 | **happen** | present · passive |  | this evil |  |  | day | unto you; therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **testify** |  | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | nom testimony «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִפְּנֵי֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר קִטַּרְתֶּ֜ם וַאֲשֶׁ֧ר חֲטָאתֶ֣ם לַיהוָ֗ה וְלֹ֤א שְׁמַעְתֶּם֙ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֔ה וּבְתֹרָת֧וֹ וּבְחֻקֹּתָ֛יו וּבְעֵדְוֺתָ֖יו לֹ֣א הֲלַכְתֶּ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֞ן קָרָ֥את אֶתְכֶ֛ם הָרָעָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃ס

[Jeremiah 44:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1185` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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