--- title: Jeremiah 48:19 (JPS 1917) — O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way, and watch; ask him that fle… · tree and pragmatics description: O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way, and watch; ask him that fleeth, and her that escapeth; say: 'What hath been done?' Who acts: you. Jeremiah 48:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1253/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/48/) / [48:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.19/) / JPS 1 # Jeremiah 48:19 · JPS 1917 O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way, and watch; ask him that fleeth, and her that escapeth; say: 'What hath been done?' **Who acts:** you · **What happens:** stand, watch, ask, flee, escape, say · **To what, where:** Aroer · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Jeremiah 48:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:1253 # text = O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way, and watch; ask him that fleeth, and her that escapeth; say: 'What hath been done?' 1 O o INTJ UH _ 2 discourse _ _ 2 inhabitant inhabitant NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 vocative _ _ 3 of of ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Aroer Aroer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 stand stand VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 by by ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 watch watch VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 14 ask ask VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 15 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ _ 16 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 17 fleeth flee VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 acl:relcl _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 conj _ _ 21 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 22 escapeth escape VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 24 say say VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 25 : : PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 26 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 27 What what PRON WP PronType=Int 30 nsubj:pass _ _ 28 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 29 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 30 aux:pass _ _ 30 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 ccomp _ _ 31 ? ? PUNCT . _ 30 punct _ _ 32 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stand** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | by the way; inhabitant of Aroer *vocative* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by way=Location | | 2 | **watch** | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | infinitive | you *not said here* | | Aroer | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | | 4 | **flee** | present | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **escape** | present | | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **do** | present · perfect · passive | | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} אֶל־דֶּ֛רֶךְ עִמְדִ֥י וְצַפִּ֖י יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת עֲרוֹעֵ֑ר שַׁאֲלִי־נָ֣ס וְנִמְלָ֔טָה אִמְרִ֖י מַה־נִּֽהְיָֽתָה׃ [Jeremiah 48:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.19/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1253` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 48:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1252/) - next →: [Jeremiah 48:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1254/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 48:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.19/)