---
title: Jeremiah 4:24 (JPS 1917) — I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills mo… · tree and pragmatics
description: I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved to and fro. Who acts: I, mountains, hills. Jeremiah 4:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 4:24 · JPS 1917

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I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved to and fro.

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**Who acts:** I, mountains, hills · **What happens:** behold, tremble, move · **To what, where:** mountains

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This is Jeremiah 4:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, mountains, hills), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:126
# text = I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved to and fro.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	beheld	behold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	trembled	tremble	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
17	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
18	to	to	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	fro	fro	ADV	RB	_	18	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **behold** | past | I | the mountains |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mountain=Stimulus |
| 2 | **tremble** | past | mountains *= mountain* |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **move** | past | all hills |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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רָאִ֙יתִי֙ הֶֽהָרִ֔ים וְהִנֵּ֖ה רֹעֲשִׁ֑ים וְכָל־הַגְּבָע֖וֹת הִתְקַלְקָֽלוּ׃

[Jeremiah 4:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:126` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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