---
title: Jeremiah 48:40 (JPS 1917) — For thus saith the LORD: Behold, he shall swoop as a vulture, and sh… · tree and pragmatics
description: For thus saith the LORD: Behold, he shall swoop as a vulture, and shall spread out his wings against Moab. Who acts: LORD. Jeremiah 48:40 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 48:40 · JPS 1917

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For thus saith the LORD: Behold, he shall swoop as a vulture, and shall spread out his wings against Moab.

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**Who acts:** LORD · **What happens:** say, swoop, spread out · **To what, where:** wings · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 48:40 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1276
# text = For thus saith the LORD: Behold, he shall swoop as a vulture, and shall spread out his wings against Moab.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	swoop	swoop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	vulture	vulture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
19	out	out	ADP	RP	_	18	compound:prt	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
22	against	against	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **swoop** | shall | LORD |  |  |  |  | as a vulture | tree rules |
| 3 | **spread out** | shall | LORD *not said here* | LORD's wings |  |  |  | against Moab | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent wing=Theme against moab=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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כִּי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֥ה כַנֶּ֖שֶׁר יִדְאֶ֑ה וּפָרַ֥שׂ כְּנָפָ֖יו אֶל־מוֹאָֽב׃

[Jeremiah 48:40: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.40/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1276` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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