--- title: Jeremiah 48:45 (JPS 1917) — In the shadow of Heshbon the fugitives stand without strength; for a… · tree and pragmatics description: In the shadow of Heshbon the fugitives stand without strength; for a fire is gone forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon, and it devoureth the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones. Who acts: fugitives, midst. Jeremiah 48:45 in JPS 1917 with its dependen --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1281/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Jeremiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/) / [chapter 48](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER/48/) / [48:45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.45/) / JPS 1 # Jeremiah 48:45 · JPS 1917 In the shadow of Heshbon the fugitives stand without strength; for a fire is gone forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon, and it devoureth the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones. **Who acts:** fugitives, midst · **What happens:** stand, go, devour, shadow, crown · **To what, where:** shadow, fire, Heshbon, corner, head This is Jeremiah 48:45 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fugitives, midst), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JER:1281 # text = In the shadow of Heshbon the fugitives stand without strength; for a fire is gone forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon, and it devoureth the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones. 1 In in ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 shadow shadow NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 4 of of ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 Heshbon Heshbon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 fugitives fugitive NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 stand stand VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 without without ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 strength strength NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 12 for for SCONJ IN _ 16 mark _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 fire fire NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 15 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux:pass _ _ 16 gone go VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 advcl _ _ 17 forth forth ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 out out ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 Heshbon Heshbon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 flame flame NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 conj _ _ 25 from from ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 midst midst NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 Sihon Sihon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj _ _ 33 devoureth devour VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 corner corner NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 Moab Moab PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 crown crown NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 conj _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 nmod _ _ 45 of of ADP IN _ 48 case _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 48 det _ _ 47 tumultuous tumultuous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 48 amod _ _ 48 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 nmod _ _ 49 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stand** | present | the fugitives | | | the shadow of Heshbon | | without strength | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in shadow=Location | | 2 | **go** | present · passive | | a fire and a flame from the midst of Sihon | | Heshbon | | forth *property* | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **devour** | present | midst | the corner of Moab and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones | | | | | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent corner=Patient | | 4 | **shadow** | | | Heshbon | | | | | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient | | 5 | **crown** | | | the head of the tumultuous ones | | | | | nom crown «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} בְּצֵ֥ל חֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן עָמְד֖וּ מִכֹּ֣חַ נָסִ֑ים כִּֽי־אֵ֞שׁ יָצָ֣א מֵחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן וְלֶֽהָבָה֙ מִבֵּ֣ין סִיח֔וֹן וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ פְּאַ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְקָדְקֹ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוֹן׃ [Jeremiah 48:45: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.45/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1281` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Jeremiah 48:44 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1280/) - next →: [Jeremiah 48:46 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1282/) - ↑ back to [Jeremiah 48:45](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.45/)