---
title: Jeremiah 49:3 (JPS 1917) — Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai is undone; cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird… · tree and pragmatics
description: Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai is undone; cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird you with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro among the folds; for Malcam shall go into captivity, his priests and his princes together. Who acts: you, Malcam. Jeremiah 49:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# Jeremiah 49:3 · JPS 1917

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Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai is undone; cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird you with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro among the folds; for Malcam shall go into captivity, his priests and his princes together.

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**Who acts:** you, Malcam · **What happens:** wail, undo, cry, gird, lament, run · **To what, where:** Ai, you, folds, captivity

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This is Jeremiah 49:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, Malcam), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:1291
# text = Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai is undone; cry, ye daughters of Rabbah, gird you with sackcloth; lament, and run to and fro among the folds; for Malcam shall go into captivity, his priests and his princes together.
1	Wail	wail	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
4	Heshbon	Heshbon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	vocative	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	Ai	Ai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	undone	undo	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	advcl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod	_	_
14	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	vocative	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Rabbah	Rabbah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	gird	gird	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
23	lament	lament	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
27	to	to	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	fro	fro	ADV	RB	_	27	conj	_	_
30	among	among	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	folds	fold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
34	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
35	Malcam	Malcam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
36	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
37	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	advcl	_	_
38	into	into	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	captivity	captivity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obl	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	appos	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	conj	_	_
46	together	together	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
47	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wail** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | Heshbon *vocative* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **undo** | present · passive |  | Ai |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | daughters  ye of Rabbah *vocative* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **gird** | infinitive |  | you |  |  |  | with sackcloth | tree rules |
| 5 | **lament** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **run** | infinitive |  |  |  | the folds |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among fold=Trajectory |
| 7 | **go** | shall | Malcam |  |  | captivity |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into captivity=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הֵילִ֨ילִי חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן כִּ֣י שֻׁדְּדָה־עַ֗י צְעַקְנָה֮ בְּנ֣וֹת רַבָּה֒ חֲגֹ֣רְנָה שַׂקִּ֔ים סְפֹ֕דְנָה וְהִתְשׁוֹטַ֖טְנָה בַּגְּדֵר֑וֹת כִּ֤י מַלְכָּם֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֣ה יֵלֵ֔ךְ כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו יַחְדָּֽיו׃

[Jeremiah 49:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.49.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:1291` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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