---
title: Jeremiah 4:28 (JPS 1917) — For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black; beca… · tree and pragmatics
description: For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black; because I have spoken it, I have purposed it, and I have not repented, neither will I turn back from it. Who acts: earth, heavens, I. Jeremiah 4:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Jeremiah 4:28 · JPS 1917

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For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black; because I have spoken it, I have purposed it, and I have not repented, neither will I turn back from it.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** earth, heavens, I · **What happens:** mourn, be, speak, purpose, not repent, turn back · **To what, where:** earth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Jeremiah 4:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (earth, heavens, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JER:130
# text = For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black; because I have spoken it, I have purposed it, and I have not repented, neither will I turn back from it.
1	For	for	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	obl	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	mourn	mourn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
11	above	above	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
13	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
15	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	purposed	purpose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	parataxis	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
28	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
29	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
30	repented	repent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	35	cc	_	_
33	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	conj	_	_
36	back	back	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
37	from	from	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obl	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed polarity=pos

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mourn** | shall | the earth |  |  |  |  | for this | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer for this=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | infinitive | the heavens |  |  |  |  | black *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | I | earth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **purpose** *speech: other* | present · perfect | I | earth |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **repent** | present · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **turn back** | future | I |  |  | earth |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from it=Source |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עַל־זֹאת֙ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְקָדְר֥וּ הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם מִמָּ֑עַל עַ֤ל כִּי־דִבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ זַמֹּ֔תִי וְלֹ֥א נִחַ֖מְתִּי וְלֹא־אָשׁ֥וּב מִמֶּֽנָּה׃

[Jeremiah 4:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.4.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JER:130` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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